锡林浩特市可持续发展规划

首次提出锡林浩特市应以可持续发展的观点规划设计，这一规划将使使锡林浩特市以可持续方式扩大与发展，并使得位于这一地区的锡林郭勒草原自然保护区受到最小的影响。文中每项设计建议都根据现在的城市规则，经济发展和锡林郭勒自然保护区的关系得来，将对锡林浩特市的未来发展建设起到重要的参考价值。     

草原干旱对天然牧草生长发育及产量形成的影响

天然牧草是放牧畜牧业的主要物质基础 ,其生长动态和产量形成受气象条件的影响和制约 ,特别是水份条件在很大程度上决定着植物的地理分布和生物生产力水平。本文根据大气降水量及土壤水份条件与天然牧草生长动态及产量的关系 ,建立了天然牧草生长高度动态模式和草原初级气候生产力模式 ,以便进一步研究 ,为草原干旱的气候指标提供理论依据     

阴山北麓丘陵区林草建设与生态恢复--以固阳县忽鸡沟乡小六分子村为例

针对阴山北麓生态环境特点和主要环境问题，以固阳县忽鸡沟乡大六分子村为基点，应用恢复生态学的基本理论和生态经济学原理，以恢复生态系统良性循环为目标，通过实施以林草建设为核心的一系列植被恢复与重建措施，使遭受破坏的生态系统逐步得到恢复并步入良性循环的轨道，为阴山北麓广大地区生态恢复探索一条切实可行的有效途径。     

Impact of Land Use on Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Soil

Although it has been hypothesized that soluble organic nitrogen (SON) plays a central role in regulating productivity in some terrestrial ecosystems, the factors controlling the size of the SON pool in soil remain poorly understood. Therefore our principal aim in this work was to assess the impact of seven different land use systems (rough and managed grassland, deciduous and coniferous woodland, heathland, wetland and tilled land) on the size of the SON and inorganic N (NO ₃ ^– , NH ₄ ⁺ ) pools in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm). After extraction with deionised water, we found that in most cases the size of the water extractable organic N (WEON) pool was similar in size to the inorganic N pool. In contrast, the KCl extractable organic N (KClEON) pool constituted the dominant form of soluble N in soils under all land uses, perhaps indicating that significant amounts were held on the soil exchange phase. In contrast to inorganic N, which varied significantly with land use, the size of the KClEON and WEON pool was similar for all land uses with the exception of KClEON in tilled land, where significantly lower amounts were observed. We conclude that SON constitutes an important soil N pool in a broad range of land uses, and that its role in microbial N assimilation, plant nutrition and ecosystem responses to atmospheric N deposition warrants further attention. SAFRD, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.     

新疆草地资源特征与生态治理

从新疆草地资源发生条件分析其多样性,对草地退化进行了生态分析,提出了草地生态恢复的生态置换理论与实施方案。     

Effectiveness of conservation easements in agricultural regions

Conservation easements are a standard technique for preventing habitat loss, particularly in agricultural regions with extensive cropland cultivation, yet little is known about their effectiveness. I developed a spatial econometric approach to propensity‐score matching and used the approach to estimate the amount of habitat loss prevented by a grassland conservation easement program of the U.S. federal government. I used a spatial autoregressive probit model to predict tract enrollment in the easement program as of 2001 based on tract agricultural suitability, habitat quality, and spatial interactions among neighboring tracts. Using the predicted values from the model, I matched enrolled tracts with similar unenrolled tracts to form a treatment group and a control group. To measure the program's impact on subsequent grassland loss, I estimated cropland cultivation rates for both groups in 2014 with a second spatial probit model. Between 2001 and 2014, approximately 14.9% of control tracts were cultivated and 0.3% of treated tracts were cultivated. Therefore, approximately 14.6% of the protected land would have been cultivated in the absence of the program. My results demonstrate that conservation easements can significantly reduce habitat loss in agricultural regions; however, the enrollment of tracts with low cropland suitability may constrain the amount of habitat loss they prevent. My results also show that spatial econometric models can improve the validity of control groups and thereby strengthen causal inferences about program effectiveness in situations when spatial interactions influence conservation decisions.     

大庆市草原和湖泊生态保护建设研究

通过对大庆草甸草原和湖泊湿地发生发展自然生态过程的分析,以大庆生态环境的整体性特征为基础,提出草甸草原是大庆生态环境的基础,湖泊湿地是大庆生态环境的特色.以保护和恢复为主巩固草原生态基础地位,以生态重建为主突出湖泊湿地特色.对生态功能正常发挥的草原,以生态保护为主,对生态功能退化草原,以生态恢复为主.对油田生产区的草原,重视生态功能和景观效应.以生态重建为主突出湖泊湿地特色,通过地表水结构的调整增加生态系统的活力和生态服务功能.草甸草原和湖泊湿地的保护与利用要扬长补短、协同并进.     

不同添加剂对铅冶炼污染石灰性土壤的修复及土壤性质的影响研究

探讨了污水处理厂脱水污泥、枯草和磷矿粉对受铅冶炼污染的石灰性土壤(全Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为2337、21.4、486 mg·kg-1,DTPA提取态Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为1035、14.5、68.7 mg·kg-1)中重金属的稳定效果及对土壤性质的影响.其中,污泥和枯草均按200 g·kg-1(干重)的用量施用,磷矿粉按n(P)∶n(Pb)=2∶1比例施用,培养80 d.研究结果表明,单独施用污泥可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低18.0%(p0.05),并可显著降低土壤pH,增加土壤氮、磷有效性和电导率、DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量,其中,DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn含量增加比例均达到10%以上.单独施用枯草可使土壤DTPA-Pb含量降低10.7%(p0.05),土壤有机质含量增加26.4%(p0.05),对土壤其它性状影响较小.磷矿粉单独施用时对土壤性质影响较小.与污泥单独施用相比,磷矿粉与污泥配合施用时,可使土壤DTPA-Cd含量降低11.9%.     

蜂窝煤灰渣对酸性和石灰性污染土壤中重金属的稳定研究

本研究的目的是探讨不同洗涤蜂窝煤灰渣在不同酸碱性土壤中对重金属的稳定效果.在酸性的淳安土壤(铅、镉、铜、锌污染)和石灰性的济源土壤(铅、镉污染)中以4%用量加入灰渣,培养60 d后测定土壤性质.结果表明,灰渣对淳安土壤pH和EC值的增加效果要大于对济源土壤的影响.原灰渣、硫酸洗灰渣和盐酸洗灰渣加入淳安土壤均可显著降低土壤DTPA提取态铅、镉、铜和锌的含量(p0.05),灰渣对济源土壤DTPA提取态重金属的含量影响较小.对于济源土壤,硫酸洗和盐酸洗灰渣与磷酸盐结合施用后土壤DTPA-Pb含量分别下降20.9%和33.1%.对于淳安土壤,加入3类灰渣后土壤DTPA-Pb含量下降26.8%~41.8%;对于淳安土壤,不论是单独施用还是与磷酸盐结合施用,硫酸洗灰渣对铜、锌稳定效果均强于盐酸洗灰渣.以上结果说明,蜂窝煤灰渣在酸性土壤中对重金属有更强的稳定作用,硫酸洗灰渣和盐酸洗灰渣对土壤重金属的稳定作用存在差异.     

玛纳斯河流域荒漠草地沙化遥感监测研究

以1989—2016年玛纳斯河流域TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,利用混合像元分解技术,计算玛纳斯河流域草地总覆盖度和裸沙面积。在此基础上通过监测年与基期年的比较,计算草地覆盖度相对基期年的减少率和裸沙面积相对基期年的增加率两个监测指标,依据《天然草地退化、沙化、盐渍化的分级指标》(GB 19377—2003),对计算出的两个指标分别进行沙化等级评定和赋值,将两种评定结果相综合来监测草地沙化。结果表明,玛纳斯河流域近30年来荒漠草地沙漠化总体呈现先增加后降低的趋势。分析表明,玛纳斯河流域草地沙化是人为和自然因素双重作用的结果。