Accumulation of Endosulfan in Wild Rat, Rattus norvegious as a Result of Application to Soya Bean in Mazoe (Zimbabwe)

An assessment of levels of endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate in rats collected from a plot sprayed with endosulfan was carried out for a period of four months. The analysis was carried out in the livers, muscles and fatty tissues of the rats using Gas Chromatography. Samples were ground with sodium sulphate and aluminium oxide and the analyte soxhlet extracted with hexane. The extract was then cleaned by florisil column chromatography. Levels of endosulfan in rats were found to range in livers from 0.356 to 5.807 ppb, in muscles from 0.089 to 5.167 ppb and in fatty tissues from 0.083 to 4.785 ppb. Levels of endosulfan sulphate correlated well with those of endosulfan and ranged in livers from 0.00 to 3.96 ppb, in muscles from 0.00 to 3.37 ppb and in fatty tissue from 0.00 to 2.93 ppb. In the control rats samples, collected from an unsprayed area in the city of Harare (University of Zimbabwe), no endosulfan could be detected.     

型煤燃烧过程中CaS的形成及其固硫作用

本文研究了不同温度和燃烧条件下Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ体系钙基固硫剂的作用效果,实验表明,煤粒子子直接进入已达一定的温度的炉内时,其固硫效果较在程序升温条件下明显提高,在１３００℃高温仍肌７７％的固硫率,含硫物相以ＣａＳ为主,该条件下造成了煤粒子的缺陷氧燃烧,由此造成的局部还原气氛促了ＣａＳ为主。从而提高固硫率,Ｃａ可能是高温条件的理想固硫产物。     

Imputing Unmeasured Explanatory Variables in Environmental Epidemiology With Application to Health Impact Analysis of Air Pollution

This paper presents the results of a reconsideration of earlier work that finds an association between daily hospital admissions for respiratory distress and daily concentrations of sulphate (lag 1) as well as daily maximum concentrations of ozone (lags 1 and 3). These associations are found even after clustering the data by hospital of admission and accounting for the effects of temperature. We use an adaptation of their generalized estimating equation technique for clustered data, that daily data being for southern Ontario summers from 1983 to 1988. Like them, we adjust for daily maximum temperatures. However, unlike the earlier work returned to ours includes daily average humidity as a potential explanatory variable in our model. Our analysis also differs from theirs in that we cluster the data by census subdivision to reduce the risk of confounding pollutant levels with population size within regions. Moreover, we log-transform the explanatory variables and then high-pass filter the resulting data. We also deviate from the earlier analysis by taking account of measurement error incurred in using surrogate measures of the explanatory variables. To do so we use new methodology designed for our study but of potential value in other applications. That methodology requires a spatial predictive distribution for the unmeasured explanatory variables. Each day about 700 missing measurements for each of these variables can then be imputed over the geographical domain of the study. With these imputations we get a measure of imputation error through the covariance of the predictive distribution. Along with the predictive distribution we require an impact model to link-up with the predictive distribution. We describe that model and show how it uses the imputed measurements of the missing values of the explanatory variables. We also show how through that model, uncertainty about these values is reflected in our analysis and in commensurate uncertainties in the inferences made. Apart from its substantive objectives, our analysis serves to test the new methods with the earlier results serving as a foil. The reassuring qualitative agreement between our findings and the earlier results seems encouraging.     

活性污泥对回用净水中钙离子的去除研究

在静态条件下,进行了活性污泥对净水中钙离子的去除实验研究和机理探讨。在去除实验中,考察了活性污泥用量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、初始钙离子浓度、溶液pH对钙离子的去除效果的影响。结果表明:用活性污泥去除钙离子可以获得较好的效果,去除量可达19mg/g,并且去除速度很快,5min即可完成;且去除机理可能有生物吸附、静电吸附和化学沉淀;适当的剪切力可以加速吸附反应的进程,证实了流体力化学效应的的存在。溶液pH不同,发生的沉淀反应不同,低pH条件下,钙离子与活性污泥中磷酸根生成Ca3(PO4)2沉淀,较高pH条件下,生成的沉淀为Ca5(OH)(PO4)3。     

乙草胺与硫酸铜对黑土微生物的复合生态影响

为了探究2种不同类型农药联合施用对土壤微生物的复合生态影响,以除草剂乙草胺和杀菌剂硫酸铜为例,采用传统毒理学方法和BIOLOG法对其进行评价.结果表明,乙草胺和硫酸铜的联合施用对细菌、放线菌和真菌活菌量以及土壤脱氢酶活性基本呈现急性抑制效应,但随时间延长其作用逐渐减弱甚至发生逆转,而对土壤底物诱导呼吸强度表现为明显促进.利用Shannon、Simpson和McIntosh多样性指数模型和主成分分析法对BIOLOG数据进行分析,表明2种农药的联合施用显著破坏了黑土微生物群落物种多样性的丰富度和均一性,主成分分析法也表明土壤微生物群落碳源利用多样性发生了改变.     

潮湿气氛下Ca（OH）2与SO2反应动力学研究

本文用固定床积分反应器研究潮湿气氛下Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２与ＳＯ２的反应动力学。     

碳酸钙和硼对棕红壤油菜锰毒缓解作用

对已酸化的棕红壤进行的油菜锰毒缓解研究表明, 施用碳酸钙在提高土壤ｐ Ｈ 和降低土壤交换性锰的基础上, 改善了土壤营养状况, 其中施用０ ． ５ ％ 碳酸钙处理的效果最好, 在这一碳酸钙水平下,土壤硼处于较高的活性, 土壤速效磷钾被油菜幼苗充分利用, 油菜幼苗对营养元素具有最大吸收量,使植株生物学产量达到最大值。酸化的棕红壤只需施用０ ． ５ ％ 的碳酸钙, 其土壤酸碱度便可恢复到正常水平, 如施用更多的碳酸钙, 会造成土壤营养再度失调, 油菜幼苗的生物学产量下降。在施用碳酸钙基础上配施硼素, 可使油菜生物学产量进一步提高, 相应的土壤环境得到更好的改善, 施硼可以降低锰毒植株磷的浓缩效应和提高营养元素的利用效率。因此, 碳酸钙－ 硼配施是缓解棕红壤油菜锰毒的一项重要措施。     

钙基烟气脱硫剂制备的实验研究

采用正交实验 ,研究了水合制备高效钙基烟气脱硫剂时各制备条件对产物的影响。结果表明 ,水合时间、水合温度Ca(OH) 2 /CaSO4的质量比 ,以及飞灰 / (Ca(OH) 2 +CaSO4)质量比四个条件对脱硫剂比表面积的形成有显著的影响 ;从而由单因素实验得出一最佳钙基脱硫剂制备条件组合。此外 ,通过XDR分析 ,测定了脱硫剂的物相组成 ,扫描电镜观察显示飞灰和水合吸收剂具有不同的表面形态     

废旧电路板中溴的回收工艺研究

在废旧电路板热解处理过程中,溴化阻燃剂分解产生大量溴化氢,为了减少溴化氢对热解设备和环境的危害,提出了碳酸钙吸附分离溴化氢的处理工艺,生成的溴化钙通过水的浸取、过滤、蒸发、浓缩等过程,获得了质量分数为52%,密度为1.7 g/mL的溴化钙水溶液.研究了热解温度、碳酸钙用量对溴化钙产率的影响规律及溴化钙的浸取工艺条件.热解吸附试验表明,碳酸钙与电路板的质量比为1.2～1.4,热解温度约为600 ℃时,溴化钙的产率最高可达86%;浸取试验表明,溴化钙的单次浸取率随浸取剂的浓度增大而降低,随温度升高而提高.溴的回收率主要取决于溴化钙的产率,通过选择合适的热解吸附条件,废旧电路板中溴的总回收率高于80%,所回收的溴化钙液体产品主要技术指标接近同类市售产品.     

HAP诱导磷酸钙结晶回收低磷污水中的磷

为提高磷酸钙结晶产物回收价值和低磷适应性,以羟基磷酸钙(HAP)为晶种,诱导Ca-P结晶回收模拟二级出水(初始PO4-P浓度1.0mg/L)中的磷,对比了诱导结晶与均相结晶的磷回收效果,考察了Ca/P比和晶种投加量对磷回收的影响,并结合产物SEM、EDS、XRD和FTIR分析,探讨了HAP诱导Ca-P结晶机制.结果表明...