Adaptation of RUSLE in the Eastern Part of the Mediterranean Region

Empirically based models are used worldwide to estimate soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is one such model that has been intensively tested and validated under conditions in the United States. RUSLE estimates average soil loss as a function of five main factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), crop management (C), support practice (P), and topographic (LS) factors. This study investigated the application of RUSLE to Mediterranean conditions. The validation and calibration of RUSLE in the study area utilized field plots soil erosion measurements. The results found the RUSLE soil loss estimation to be three times the actual soil loss (7.8 and 2.6 Mg/ha, for RUSLE and actual measured soil loss, respectively). The difference between the RUSLE factors and the measured factors were responsible for the differences between the soil loss estimation by RUSLE and the measured soil loss. Specifically, the RUSLE K-factor showed three times the magnitude of the measured K-factor, the RUSLE C-factor underestimated the measured C-factor, and the RUSLE P-factor overestimated the measured P-factor by three times. Adjusting the RUSLE factors according to the measured ones increased the models predictability, whereas the adjusted-RUSLE soil loss estimation underestimated the measured soil loss by 14%. The adjustment of RUSLE, according to the prevailing conditions of the study area, increased the model efficiency three times (0.26 and 0.86 before and after adjustment of the mode,l respectively). For more accurate and reliable validation of the RUSLE under the Mediterranean conditions, it is advisable to conduct long-term soil loss experimentation and measurements.     

Automatic Calibration of Hydrologic Models With Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Pareto Optimization1

Abstract: In optimization problems with at least two conflicting objectives, a set of solutions rather than a unique one exists because of the trade‐offs between these objectives. A Pareto optimal solution set is achieved when a solution cannot be improved upon without degrading at least one of its objective criteria. This study investigated the application of multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) and Pareto ordering optimization in the automatic calibration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a process‐based, semi‐distributed, and continuous hydrologic model. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II), a fast and recent MOEA, and SWAT were called in FORTRAN from a parallel genetic algorithm library (PGAPACK) to determine the Pareto optimal set. A total of 139 parameter values were simultaneously and explicitly optimized in the calibration. The calibrated SWAT model simulated well the daily streamflow of the Calapooia watershed for a 3‐year period. The daily Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.86 at calibration and 0.81 at validation. Automatic multi‐objective calibration of a complex watershed model was successfully implemented using Pareto ordering and MOEA. Future studies include simultaneous automatic calibration of water quality and quantity parameters and the application of Pareto optimization in decision and policy‐making problems related to conflicting objectives of economics and environmental quality.     

气候环境实验室的温度校准及不确定度评定

目的解决气候环境实验室超大空间温度性能的校准问题。方法通过对实验室结构及气流组织进行分析,确定实验室有效空间内温度不均匀性及波动度概率较大位置,设计实验室温度校准方案。通过数据采集系统,对实验室温度数据进行采集,并对温度校准的不确定来源进行分析,评定气候环境实验室温度性能及扩展不确定度。结果以低温工况-50℃及高温工况50℃数据分析为例,气候环境实验室在低温-50℃时,室内温度平均值处于-48.67^-50.27℃范围内的可信度是95%;在50℃时,室内温度平均值处于48.57~50.77℃范围内的可信度是95%。结论气候环境实验室温度性能校准方法可实现对超大空间实验室温度性能的校准,并验证了气候环境实验室温度的均匀性及波动度等技术指标满足其设计要求。     

HG220/100型锅炉工作安全阀热态校验的安全可靠性分析

指出了HG220/100型锅炉热态校验工作安全阀时各级过热器及联箱的超压所导致的安全问题,对超压原因进行了分析,并提出了改进措施。     

新型CO2和CH4混合标气标校流程及方法

基于光腔衰荡法Picarro G-1301型甚高分辨率分析仪自组装新型CO2和CH4混合标气标校系统,研究建立了简便高效的标校流程和方法.该系统操作简便,运行稳定,工作标气消耗更少,线性好,对环境大气浓度范围的CO2和CH4的分析精度分别优于0.06×10-6 mol·mol-1和0.3×10-9mol·mol-1,准...     

三维荧光二阶校正法快速测定环境水体和淤泥样中麦穗宁残留量

将激发发射荧光光谱与化学计量学基于交替三线性分解（ATLD）算法的二阶校正方法相结合,实现了自来水、湘江水、池塘水、雨水和淤泥5种实际复杂体系中麦穗宁含量的直接快速定量测定.当选取组分数为2时,用ATLD算法分辨获得的平均回收率分别为（100.5±1.3）%、（93.8±1.1）%、（95.0±2.1）%、（98.2±...     

社区治安高危人员异常轨迹识别与预警方法研究*

为解决社区治安高危人员异常轨迹难以实时感知、精确识别、及时预警的问题,对社区治安高危人员动态轨迹进行标定,并建立动态轨迹序列化模型,通过序列化模型构建动态行为链;根据静态身份属性与动态轨迹时空特征信息,建立异常轨迹分析模型。结果表明:动态轨迹标定可实现对GPS轨迹数据高效、准确标定;异常轨迹分析模型可实现异常轨迹识别与预警。研究结果适用于社区高危人群管控,可为社区治安防控提供技术支持。     

化学分析方法校准曲线有关问题的探讨

校准曲线的线性范围为测定下限与测定上限之间的浓度范围,测定上限应尽可能扩大,但要保证校准曲线呈线性,同时,最高点分析后不会对分析系统造成污染物残留。通常应根据分析方法原理、仪器的特点和样品基质情况来确定校准方式。对于线性校准曲线,除了相关系数外,还要根据不同情况,对校准曲线进行检验。校准曲线的合格判定,除考虑相关系数外,还需要用校准曲线重新计算校准点,对于线性校准,所有校准点计算结果拟合值与实际值的相对误差应在±30%以内,对于非线性二阶校准曲线,应进行最大值与最小值检验。