高校节能管理初探

目前,低碳生活的方式和理念已渗透到各高校大学生的学习和生活中,这为高校的节能管理创造了良好的基础和条件。倡导节约资源之风,尽节约能源之责,是建设生态文明社会的一项紧迫任务。因而,提高节能意识、完善节能管理体制、科学使用节能设备、加强节能队伍建设等措施必将促进高校节能管理工作的顺利开展。     

袋式除尘器在沥青混凝土搅拌设备上的应用

分析了沥青混凝土搅拌设备的构成以及生产沥青混凝土的工艺及烟尘特点;通过应用工程实例,指出袋式除尘器是沥青混凝土搅拌设备最理想的除尘系统之一。     

CuO-CeO2/AC吸附燃煤烟气中元素汞的实验研究

通过活性炭负载CuO和CeO2来制备吸附剂,采用固定床吸附方式,在不同反应条件下对吸附剂的吸附性能进行测试,筛选出去除效率最好的吸附剂,并通过BET和XRD对吸附剂的理化性质进行分析。结果表明,CuO和CeO2的加入大大改变了原活性炭的比表面积和孔结构,改善了活性炭的吸附性能。CuO-CeO2/AC中CuO和CeO2质量比不同,对汞的去除效率也不同,在1∶2时去除效率最好;CuO-CeO2/AC中所负载的CuO和CeO的总量为5%时,能大大促进汞的吸附效率,增长有效吸附时间;CuO-CeO2/AC对汞的吸附性能随反应温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,在80℃时达到最大值。     

电厂燃煤过程中汞控制技术研究

燃煤电厂汞控制技术分燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后脱汞,燃烧后脱汞技术为主要汞控制排放工艺,其中吸附剂吸附方法的研究较为广泛。基于国内外近几年燃煤电厂烟气脱汞技术的研究,综述了汞控制技术的最新进展。     

钙基固定剂对制氢和污染性气体减排的影响

在未来相当长的一段时间内,煤气化仍是大规模制取氢气的主要途径。目前,常规煤气化过程得到的是H2、CO和CO2为主的混合气,需要通过净化、变换和分离工艺才能得到洁净的氢气,工艺过程复杂。采用连续式超临界水反应装置,以质量分数为20%的水煤浆为反应原料,考察了Ca/C摩尔比和温度对褐煤制氢系统的影响。试验结果表明：Ca（OH）2不仅可以很好地固定气相中的CO2和硫化物,而且对煤气化过程也表现出较好的催化作用。反应温度600℃,压力为25MPa的条件下,与未加Ca（OH）2相比,Ca/C摩尔比为0.45时,气体中CO2的体积分数由50.7%降至1.0%,趋于完全固定;硫化物浓度由10 878mg/m3降至807mg/m3;H2的体积分数由32.4%增至73.3%。Ca（OH）2对煤气化的催化作用在高温下更加明显。     

工业园区低碳发展模式评估与规划分析

通过对工业园区低碳发展模式的评估,分析其低碳发展的能源特征、经济特征与人力特征,并确定工业园区二氧化碳减排的潜力能源。基于能源-碳减排(EC)、经济-能源-碳减排(EEC)和人力-经济-能源-碳减排(HEEC)三种不同情景,在未来发展的一定规划期内,对工业园区具有二氧化碳减排潜力的能源进行规划分析,确定其年递减率,从而实现工业园区不同情景下的二氧化碳减排。通过实际案例研究,证明了评估与规划分析模型的可行性。     

Facilitating substance phase‐out through material information systems and improving environmental impacts in the recycling stage of a product

The amount of electrical and electronic products is increasing rapidly, and this inevitably leads to the generation of large quantities of waste from these goods. Some of the generated e‐waste ends up in regions with sub‐standard recycling systems and may be processed under poor conditions. During uncontrolled incineration, halogenated dioxins and furans can be generated from brominated and chlorinated compounds in the products. In order to reduce the health and environmental risks involved in the recycling stage of the life cycle of electronics, an effective design‐for‐environment process must be established during the product development phase. Knowledge of the chemical substances in the product is crucial to being able to make informed decisions. Through full knowledge of the material content of procured components, phase‐outs of unwanted substances, such as halogenated substances, can be performed in an effective manner. Therefore, information is the key to success in phasing‐out substances; facilitating compliance of legal provisions for manufacturers of electrical and electronic devices; and improving the environmental footprint of products as they reach the end of the life cycle. After an introduction to the challenges of electronics waste management, this paper describes supply chain information systems and how they are used to facilitate substance phase‐outs in the electronics industry. Sony Ericsson has been working with phase‐outs of unwanted substances since it was founded in 2001. Through the introduction of a material declaration system that keeps track of all substances in the components used in the company's products, Sony Ericsson has been able to replace unwanted substances to improve environmental impacts at the recycling stage of a product.     

Elevated carbon dioxide does not offset loss of soil carbon from a corn-soybean agroecosystem

The potential for storing additional C in U.S. Corn Belt soils - to offset rising atmospheric [CO₂] - is large. Long-term cultivation has depleted substantial soil organic matter (SOM) stocks that once existed in the region's native ecosystems. In central Illinois, free-air CO₂ enrichment technology was used to investigate the effects of elevated [CO₂] on SOM pools in a conservation tilled corn-soybean rotation. After 5 and 6 y of CO₂ enrichment, we investigated the distribution of C and N among soil fractions with varying ability to protect SOM from rapid decomposition. None of the isolated C or N pools, or bulk-soil C or N, was affected by CO₂ treatment. However, the site has lost soil C and N, largely from unprotected pools, regardless of CO₂ treatment since the experiment began. These findings suggest management practices have affected soil C and N stocks and dynamics more than the increased inputs from CO₂-stimulated photosynthesis.     

碳纳米管电极原位产生过氧化氢及其对亚甲基蓝脱色效果简

将碳纳米管固定化制成多孔疏水性导电薄膜构建电化学阴极还原体系,实现过氧化氢在阴极的原位产生。电极特性研究表明,电极在较宽的电压范围内均具有较好的活性。考察了阴极电位、电极成分、氧气流量和电解质浓度对过氧化氢原位产生的影响,在优化条件下经过120 min后过氧化氢达到66.17 mg/L,并探讨过氧化氢原位产生的机理。在此基础上考察原位过氧化氢氧化工艺下对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果,并分析其脱色机理。     

基于白碳黑的水化硅酸钙制备及其磷回收特性简

以白碳黑、硅灰、硅藻土和硅胶筛选硅质原料,并与钙质原料电石渣制备了水化硅酸钙。借助XRF、BET、FTIR等表征手段,通过多次重复除磷实验,研究了硅质原料特性对水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的影响。结果表明,白碳黑具有极高的反应活性,因此可作为制备具有磷回收特性的水化硅酸钙的硅质原料。结合XRD等表征发现,白碳黑的有效利用率是影响水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的关键,该利用率取决于白碳黑与电石渣的摩尔配比以及水热反应温度。当电石渣与白碳黑的摩尔比为1.6：1,反应温度为170℃时,白碳黑具有最佳的利用效率。该条件制备的水化硅酸钙可作为晶种,在其表面结晶形成羟基磷灰石,从而达到磷回收的目的,磷回收后固体物质中的磷含量为19.05%。