浅谈清洁生产审核中经济效益的核算方法

根据财务管理学理论，结合清洁生产审核工作实际，分析各地清洁生产审核中的经济效益核算方法的差异，提出简洁实用的核算方法。     

新型工业化进程中的消费与高新技术污染

随着新型工业化的发展,污染治理已实现了从单纯的末端治理向在生产过程中治理转变的跨越式发展。但新的环境问题如消费废弃物污染的面更广,内容更多和高新技术污染等相继出现。这些污染应引起人们的广泛关注。     

热媒炉导热油的清洗与更换

对热媒炉导热油系统结垢的原因进行分析.介绍了热媒炉导热油系统清洗的方法,比较各种清洗方法的异同.对清洗更换导热油时的注意事项进行说明,对试运情况及取样化验数据进行分析.     

正渗透去除地表水中DOM的效能研究

采用经砂滤处理后的滆湖水作为原料液,氯化钠溶液作为汲取液,在不同影响因素条件下进行正渗透试验,并对试验后的膜片进行清洗,探究膜污染的可逆性.结果表明:提高汲取液浓度、运行温度及膜面流速均可有效增加膜通量;正渗透对滆湖水体中的溶解性微生物代谢产物、类色氨酸、类富里酸和腐殖酸四种主要DOM成分均有较好的去除效果,DOC、UV₂₅₄截留率均在96%以上;短期运行通过水力清洗几乎可以完全恢复膜通量,而长期运行通过超声清洗可以基本恢复全部膜通量,通过分析膜清洗液可知造成膜污染的主要物质为类色氨酸类和类富里酸类物质.     

生活废弃物焚烧处置烟气中二(口恶)英排放特性研究

研究了某市10座生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二噁英的排放特性,对比了焚烧炉炉型、焚烧处理量、烟气净化系统对二噁英排放特性的影响.结果表明:10座生活垃圾焚烧炉二噁英的排放浓度为0.016~0.104 ng·Nm~(-3)(以I-TEQ计),9座垃圾焚烧炉二噁英排放满足国家相应的排放标准(0.1 ng·Nm~(-3)(以I-TEQ计)).根据二噁英排放浓度排序对应的烟气净化系统分别为SNCR(Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction)+半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋湿法+活性炭喷射+布袋半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋,表明安装SNCR装置有利于二噁英的减排.另外,不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的二噁英指纹特性不仅与烟气净化系统和炉型有关,还与垃圾来源有一定关联.     

厌氧平板膜生物反应器连续处理猪场废水研究

本研究以实际猪场废水为原料,在中温（37±1）℃条件下利用浸没式平板膜生物反应器进行180d连续厌氧发酵试验,以水力停留时间5,3和2d的梯度变化逐渐增加容积负荷,研究反应器运行性能,污泥比产甲烷活性,膜过滤特性和膜的清洗效果.试验结果表明,随水力停留时间的缩短,反应器的容积产沼气率分别达到0.68,1.03和1.12L/（L·d）,稳定运行期间出水的总挥发性脂肪酸分别为（169±41）mg/L,（15±3）mg/L和（114±45）mg/L,以乙酸为主.反应器中厌氧污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性测试表明,以2000mg/L的乙酸为基质,HRT 3d时具有最大比产甲烷活性1.127g-COD/（g-VSS·d）.本试验发生膜污染的周期约4个月.采用2%的柠檬酸浸泡3h,可以恢复膜的过滤性能.在较低通量下,反应器中7~32g/L的污泥浓度并不会明显的影响平板膜的过滤性能.本研究结果显示,厌氧膜生物反应器有处理猪场废水的可能性.     

A feasibility and cost comparison of perchloroethylene dry cleaning to professional wet cleaning: case study of Silver Hanger Cleaners, Bellingham, Massachusetts

The Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) has been working with the dry cleaning sector for over 10 years - focusing on the ultimate goal of eliminating the use of perchloroethylene in this sector due to the availability of less toxic, feasible alternatives. Professional wet cleaning has been identified as one of these alternatives and has been a focus of the Institute in recent years. In 2008, the Institute provided a matching grant to Silver Hanger Cleaners in Bellingham, Massachusetts to convert their operations from perchloroethylene-based to water-based processes. Two years of data have been collected from the facility, reflecting one year of solvent use and one year of dedicated professional wet cleaning. The analysis of that data is presented here, including capital costs, performance data and associated costs, operational costs, and resource use and associated costs.     

陶瓷微滤膜过滤黑液的清洗与再生

对无机陶瓷微滤膜过滤草桨黑液的膜清洗及再生的方法进行了研究。考察了物理和化学方法的再生效果、单种清洗剂的清洗效果、复合方法的清洗效果和效果的可重复性。结果表明物理冲洗、高温灼烧、单一的化学清洗剂清洗均可以提高陶瓷膜的再生通量；但是复合方法对陶瓷微滤膜的再生效果较好，其中按氢氧化钠溶液清洗、硝酸溶液清洗、次氯酸钠溶液清洗的实验步骤，膜的再生渗透通量高．且重复性强，可望在工业生产的在线清洗中应用。     

Chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane during ultrafiltration of algal-rich water

Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface.     

浸入式短流程超滤膜生产工艺过程膜污染的形成与控制

以江苏芦泾水厂膜技术改造工程为对象,从水质、膜工艺特征结合生产运行过程以及污染膜的清洗进行了分析,目的是了解膜污染的组分构成,评价不同清洗剂的清洗效果,获取较优的清洗顺序.结果表明,原水以憎水酸(HOA)和亲水组分(HIM)为主体,质量分数各占40.34%和28.48%.溶解性有机物(DOM)则以芳香性蛋白质Ⅱ类物质为...