涂料生产过程中的毒性分析

涂料生产所使用的原料和产品绝大部分是易燃、易爆和有毒的化学危险物质,这就决定了在涂料的生产过程中极易引发火灾和职业病伤害,其中职业中毒是较为突出的问题.对涂料生产过程中的有害因素、毒物分布、中毒途径以及中毒原因作了较为详细的介绍.     

烟气净化用防腐涂料导电特性的实验研究

对电晕放电烟气净化设备用防腐涂料的导电特性进行了实验研究,涂层导电机理为渗流、隧道效应和场致发射综合作用。涂层比电阻随填料粒度的增大,添加量的增加显著下降。随温度增加,涂层比电阻有所上升,在95～110℃以后下降。涂料的比电阻为103～104Ω.cm量级。     

废旧泡沫塑料的回收再利用

以硫酸钡、聚异丁烯为线性混合成膜体系的填料和改性剂,经表面改性,制得具有较强防腐能力的复合型石英表面蚀刻保护涂料,通过正交实验设计确定了涂料组分配比和配制工艺.以载玻片为底材模拟蚀刻加工过程,进行了HF和NH4HF2混合酸(4∶1)的浸渍比检测,并考察了涂层的热稳定性.结果表明,线型混合体系中m(PS)(硬组分)和m(SBs)(软组分)质量比、w(改性剂)及w(填料)用量分别为1∶1,1.67%,2%,在60 ℃～80 ℃的浸渍温度下,浸渍比(W)为63.9,涂层可耐热到300℃,且对饱和氟化氢、氟化氢铵溶液等强腐蚀性介质有较好的化学稳定性.     

Zn composite corrosion resistance coatings: What works and what does not work?

Corrosion is one of the most significant contributors to structural degradation in process industries. It causes process equipment failure, which can led to severe safety issues. One approach to address this concern is to provide a preventive barrier-coating to equipment. Due to its superior reductive property, zinc is usually employed as a sacrificial anode in conventional corrosion-resistance methods. Nickel is also used to both mechanically strengthen the barrier and improve overall corrosion resistance; therefore, zinc, zinc-nickel alloys, and zinc-nickel-oxide composite coatings are commonly employed for anti-corrosion purposes. The complexation of zinc and nickel ions by agents (citrate, acetate and EDTA) can stabilize the electrodeposition bath and extend the pH of Ni(OH)₂ and ZnO precipitation to improve corrosion resistance in the resultant coating. This paper reviews the challenge with these type of coatings and presents progress in Zn and Zn-Ni composite corrosion resistance coatings co-deposited with Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃ as means of corrosion control to reduce the probability of process equipment failure due to corrosion, which will improve the overall safety and reliability of processing equipment.     

进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别方法的建立

粉末涂料生产过程中产生的固体废物属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,进口粉末涂料物料是否属于固体废物仅凭借口岸监管人员的常识和肉眼观察无法确定,需要通过专门的固体废物鉴别确定,但迄今为止没有粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别标准、规范或方法,因此,非常有必要建立进口粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别方法.在对多例进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别实例总结归纳的基础上,建立了其固体废物鉴别方法:①确定物料的自然属性,包括利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析主要成分;利用低温电炉和马弗炉得到有机物和无机物的大概质量分数;采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析灼烧残渣的主要成分及其质量分数.②确定物料的产生来源,判断出物料是否属于粉末涂料产品,具体指通过肉眼观察物理形态和杂质;测量粉末部分的粒度分布;分析粉末部分的容器中状态、粒径分布、涂膜外观和耐冲击性等HG/T 2006—2006《热固性粉末涂料》中要求的指标.③确定物料的固体废物属性,即根据GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》中的相关条款,得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论.利用该方法对海关怀疑为固体废物的以粉末涂料产品名义申报进口的两种物料进行了固体废物鉴别,鉴别结果显示,两种物料均产生于粉末涂料产品生产过程,分别为不合格粉或者过期粉和超细粉,均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,显示所建立的固体废物鉴别方法可行,可为进口粉末涂料生产过程中产生的物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考.      

Ultrastructural and chemical characterization of egg surface of honeybee worker and queen-laid eggs

Summary. Worker policing in honeybees predicts the evolution of a mechanism to discriminate between queenand worker-born eggs. Although it has been postulated that this discrimination is based on an egg recognition pheromone, neither the chemistry nor the glandular source were elucidated. To verify whether egg discrimination might be based on structural differences, we compared the ultrastructure surface of queen-laid diploid and haploid eggs to that of worker-laid eggs using SEM. Only small differences between the different types of eggs were found. Thus, at least based on the fine structure of the egg surface, queen eggs are indistinguishable from worker-laid eggs.To explore the chemosensory hypothesis for egg discrimination, we conducted a detailed comparative chemical analysis of the different egg types. The coating of all egg types was dominated by linear alkanes, but queen eggs, diploid and haploid, differed from those of workers on two accounts: 1. The diversity of compounds found on queenlaid eggs was much greater than found on worker-laid eggs, mainly due to the number of hydrocarbons. 2. Acetates of some fatty alcohols, alkenes and especially monomethylalkanes were characteristic to queen eggs. The origin of the two latter substances and the acetates is still unknown. Whether these compounds constitute the signal that enables police workers to discriminate between queen- and workerborn eggs remains to be investigated.     

加速腐蚀环境下新型纳米涂层腐蚀行为研究

目的评估新型纳米涂层体系在海洋、工业大气模拟环境下的耐蚀性能。方法采用外观评级法、厚度损失分析法、电化学阻抗分析法、疲劳寿命分析法,对比分析新型纳米涂层体系与TB06-9底漆+TS96-71面漆涂层体系在海洋大气、工业大气模拟环境下不同加速周期的光泽、色差、综合评定等级、厚度损失量、疲劳寿命、阻抗特性。结果随着加速试验加速周期的增加,两类涂层体系综合等级由0级上升至3级、厚度损失量由0μm逐渐增加至15μm、电化学阻抗值下降至10kΩ·cm2,且外部环境谱较内部环境谱、工业大气模拟环境较海洋模拟环境对两类涂层耐蚀性影响较大,但两类涂层体系在各加速谱下作用下,其疲劳寿命循环次数在49000～55000次之间,无明显变化。结论综合分析两类涂层体系腐蚀损伤特性及腐蚀损伤规律,可见纳米涂层具有较好的耐候性,但相比TB06-9底漆+TS96-71面漆涂层体系,其耐蚀性能较差。     

减缓Vectran纤维光辐照降解的涂层防护研究

目的研究有效涂层防护措施,以减缓Vectran纤维在强光辐照下的老化降解。方法采用苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂、三嗪类紫外吸收剂和受阻胺类光稳定剂,与端羟基超支化聚酯改性Ti O2进行复合,并通过超声浸渍法制备纤维涂层。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、单丝拉伸实验、紫外透射光谱和涂层附着力测试等表征手段对复合涂层进行研究。结果超声浸渍法有效改善了复合涂层与纤维的附着力,复合涂层能够保证200～380nm波长范围紫外线零透过率,涂层后纤维经336h光辐照后,保有强度比纯纤维增加了49%。结论无机/有机复合涂层极大地减轻了光辐照对纤维本体的损伤,有效地减缓了Vectran纤维的降解,可提高Vectran纤维在平流层环境的紫外防护能力,延长其作为平流层飞艇蒙皮增强材料的服役寿命。     

浸泡时间对两种涂层电化学腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究浸泡时间对两种涂层电化学腐蚀行为的影响。方法在质量分数为3.5%的Na Cl溶液中通入饱和CO_2气体,采用电化学方法、SEM形貌检测方法测量两种涂层在该溶液中不同浸泡时间下的动电位扫描极化曲线和表面形貌,对比分析两种涂层的电化学特征和防蚀性能。结果随着涂层浸泡时间的延长,自腐蚀电位E_(corr)逐渐降低,而电流密度逐渐增大;在浸泡时间相同的情况下,涂层A的自腐蚀电位E_(corr)比涂层B高,而电流密度比涂层B低,说明涂层A的耐蚀性能明显优于涂层B。结论涂层短时间浸泡(≤72 h)时,电化学阻抗谱为吸氧过程的单容抗弧,长时间浸泡(≥120 h)时则为析氢过程的2个容抗弧,其耐蚀性下降。     

风力机叶片防除冰技术研究现状

提出了风力机防除冰的关键部件是叶片,并介绍了风力机叶片覆冰的影响,叶片防冰的主动与被动型方法及其各自的优缺点。重点阐述了憎水涂料防冰法的研究现状,并总结了憎水性涂料防冰的三大主要效果。对目前风力机叶片防除冰技术的主流方法进行了综合评价,并指出了其日后的发展方向。