基于过程改变法的铁厂节水调控优化研究

将过程改变法应用到铁厂用水系统改造中,对其用水网络进行调优,实现废水排放量最小化。在厂区用水情况调查基础上,确定用水系统范围及限制杂质;并计算所确定用水系统的最小新鲜水用量和最小废水排放量;最后对其用水网络进行优化设计。改造后的铁厂用水网络新鲜水用量节约57.7%,废水排放量减少75.9%。     

A Comparison of VDT Workstation Adjustment Methods by Evaluating and Optimizing VDT Operator’s Seated Posture

Three methods of visual display terminal (VDT) workstation adjustment were compared in this study in order to investigate their effects on the operator’s seated posture. The first two methods were adjustments made both with and without any suggestion on the correct seated posture. The third method was an adjustment after which the workstation settings were initially set according to the results recommended by the IntelAd computer program. Ten male and 5 female participants were asked to readjust a VDT workstation until their most comfortable seated posture was obtained. When comparing the final seated postures to the ones ergonomically recommended, it was found that the workstation adjustment assisted by the computer program yielded the best result, followed by the adjustment without any suggestion on the seated posture, and then the adjustment with a suggestion on the seated posture. Furthermore, factors such as gender and typing skill level were not found to have any significant influence on the results.     

甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的传播与温度特征

为了揭示甲烷-煤尘复合体系的燃烧特征,利用高速摄像机、超细热电偶、显微镜头等对管道内甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的传播过程及其温度特征进行了试验研究.结果表明,随着煤尘浓度的增加,甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的最高温度及传播速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势; 对于甲烷-煤尘复合火焰,粒径较大的煤尘在较小的浓度达到最高温度,而粒径较小的煤尘则需要在较大的浓度达到最高温度.     

北京地区PM10与秸秆燃烧排放单颗粒对比分析

采用场发射带能谱扫描电镜(FESEM/EDS)法分析北京怀柔地区PM10与秸秆燃烧排放颗粒的形貌特征和成分差异.结果显示:秸秆燃烧后排放颗粒物多为大粒径颗粒,成分上都含S、Cl和K元素.含有生物质燃烧标志元素K的PM10颗粒物多为含Si、Al和Na元素的燃煤飞灰和矿物颗粒,与秸秆燃烧排放颗粒组成化学元素差异明显.据此推...     

大数据下瓦斯与煤自燃共生灾害智能预警系统:数据特征、应用架构、关键技术*

为解决共生灾害预警过程中多源、海量、动态复杂的信息处理难题,应用大数据驱动技术,分析瓦斯与煤自燃共生灾害的大数据智能化预警系统的数据特征、应用架构和关键技术,搭建大数据驱动的共生灾害智能化预警系统应用架构,探讨共生灾害智能化预警的关键在于大数据获取、集成、分析应用和预警等技术。研究结果表明:大数据驱动技术在矿井瓦斯与煤自燃共生灾害智能化预警方面具有强大的洞察力、决策力和流程优化能力,可以及时、高效处理共生灾害的海量监测数据,提取有价值的知识,实现共生灾害大数据智能化预警系统应用架构的搭建。     

Performance of a diesel engine with water emulsified diesel prepared with optimized process parameters

An attempt has been made to produce stable water–diesel emulsion with optimal formulation and process parameters and to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using this stable water–diesel emulsion. A total of 54 samples were prepared with varying water/diesel ratio, surfactant amount and stirring speed and water separation was recorded after 24 and 48 hr of emulsification. The recorded data were used in artificial neural network (ANN)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find the optimal parameters to produce water–diesel emulsion for engine testing. The predicted optimal parameters were found as 20% water to diesel ratio, 0.9% surfactant and 2200 rpm of stirrer for a water separation of 14.33% in one day with a variation of 6.54% against the actual value of water separation. Water–diesel emulsion fuel exhibited similar fuel properties as base fuel. The peak cylinder gas pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate for water–diesel were found higher as compared to diesel at medium to full engine loads. The improved air-fuel mixing in water–diesel emulsion enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of engine. The absorption of heat by water droplets present in water–diesel emulsion led to reduced exhaust gas temperature (EGT). With water–diesel emulsion fuel, the mean carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions reduced by 8.80, 39.60, and 26.11%, respectively as compared to diesel.     

海州露天矿采空区地表CO2通量的试验研究

为探究海州露天矿东邦废弃采空区自然发火状态,基于采空区遗煤自燃特性和气体扩散理论,采用智能土壤气体通量监测系统,以月为单位,对东邦自燃采空区上覆地表CO₂通量开展长周期、多测点连续性监测试验;根据试验区域内地表CO₂通量和土壤温度分布特征,探究地下火区释放CO₂的地表涌出范围和变化情况;同时,着眼于温室气体排放的评估,计算试验区域内的CO₂涌出量,并分析其随时间的变化特征。结果表明:地表CO₂通量与土壤温度有明显正相关性;试验区域地表CO₂高通量区域呈逐月扩大和递增的趋势;CO₂涌出量随月份逐渐递增,试验区域年CO₂涌出量约为3.6×10⁶ m³。     

数据挖掘与现场调查结合的电动汽车事故分析

为了解电池热失控引起的电动汽车自燃事故起因,降低事故发生率,统计梳理2020年新能源汽车起火事故概况,并基于动力电池失效机制和车辆运行数据,提出一种融合事故阶段安全参数关联分析、事故现场调查和全生命周期数据一致性分析的事故多维分析方法,采用该方法深入剖析一起电动汽车起火事故。研究结果表明:事故多维分析方法可通过探究事故车辆的损毁情况和运行数据的变化特征,分析从故障到事故的演变过程,溯源事故原因。     

大连市水泥产业结构调整与节能减排工作探索

综述了大连市政府根据水泥工业自身的发展形势和需要,作出了关闭全市所有非新型干法生产工艺的中小型水泥厂29家的重大抉择,完成了540万t落后水泥产能淘汰任务,取得了削减烟、粉尘排放量1123万t的效果：介绍了大连市水泥工业在节能减排方面的一些具体做法;展望了利用水泥工业“新陈代谢”的特点,节约能源资源、大力发展循环经济的发展趋势,并对节能减排工作进行了探索。