二级MBBR处理城市污水高品质水再生过程产生的反渗透浓水填料最佳填充率研究

针对城市污水处理厂尾水生产高品质再生水过程中产生的反渗透浓水N H 4 + -N浓度高、盐度高等特点,采用亚硝化-反硝化二级移动床生物膜反应器(二级MBBR)中试装置进行深度脱氮,比较填料填充率(filling ratio,FR)分别为51%、42%和32%情况下,二级MBBR对N H 4 + -N、N O 3 - -N和CODCr等污染物的去除效果。结果表明:亚硝化MBBR中填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N H 4 + -N平均去除率分别为67.0%±4.0%、71.3%±8.9%和73.2%±6.1%,FR优选32%;反硝化MBBR填料FR分别为51%、42%和32%时,N O 3 - -N平均去除率分别为73.1%±4.2%、63.7%±9.4%和64.9%±10.4%。考虑到经济性,优选填料FR为32%。     

混凝-Fenton工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的中试研究

采用混凝-Fenton组合工艺对漳州九龙岭垃圾填埋场的渗滤液经NF+RO处理后膜滤浓缩液进行中试试验,探讨了PAC、PAM、FeSO4·7H2 O和H2 O2的投加量对处理效果的影响及反应机理,并设计各工艺单元参数.结果表明:混凝工艺药剂最佳投加量为PAC 2000 mg/L、PAM 9 mg/L;Fenton工艺的氧化剂最佳投加量为FeSO4·7H2 O 1.6 g/L、H2 O28 mL/L.膜滤浓缩液经处理后,出水COD约300 mg/L,色度约30,平均去除率分别达76.8%和95.4%,处理费35.52元/t,试验结果为同类膜滤浓缩液提供了经济可行的处理方法和工艺设计依据.     

TiO_2纳米管修饰电极处理反渗透浓水研究

研制了新型的TiO2纳米管修饰电极,应用于反渗透膜浓水的电化学氧化处理;利用扫描电镜和线性极化曲线对电极进行了表征;考察了电解时间、电流密度和pH值因素对电化学氧化处理反渗透膜浓水的影响;并分析了电极对反渗透浓水中各有机物组分的去除效果。实验结果表明TiO2纳米管修饰电极对反渗透浓水具有较高的电催化性能。     

渗滤液反渗透浓缩液回灌出水水质变化规律的研究

为更科学合理地选择回灌填埋体提供一定的理论依据,对3个不同年份垃圾柱的回灌出水进行了水质变化规律的研究.采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液反渗透浓缩液,对装填了填埋龄为1、5和15 a垃圾的垃圾柱开展了回灌实验,研究了回灌出水中酸碱度、总有机碳、氨氮、硝态氮、重金属的变化规律.结果表明,1 a垃圾柱处于产甲烷化阶段,具有较好的去除硝态氮的能力,硝态氮的降解率达到了88%以上,但出水有机物、氨氮浓度较高,对指标的改变主要通过生物作用;5 a垃圾柱已接近稳定化,但还没有矿化垃圾的典型特征,吸附能力与生物作用均较差,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni的削减能力较小;15 a柱具有较好的吸附能力和络合能力,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni具有较好的削减能力,初期的去除率分别达到了90%、78%、93%、74%,但随着回灌进行会接近或达到吸附容量,需要控制回灌过程和进度.     

臭氧和好氧生物法处理污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液

城市污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液较难直接生物处理。臭氧氧化该浓缩液降低DOC的速度较慢,但是可以有效地破坏该浓缩液中含苯环和有色基团的大分子有机物,显著增加小分子有机物的相对含量,从而增大其可生化降解性能。研究发现臭氧的投量为52mg/L左右时,臭氧化改善该纳米过滤浓缩液的可生化降解性能的效果最佳。     

基于灰色层次分析法的渗滤液浓缩液回灌填埋体评价

为科学合理地选择渗滤液浓缩液回灌的最优填埋体,采用灰色层次分析法对回灌填埋体进行了综合评价。首先构建灰色层次分析法的层次结构模型及评价指标,并根据层次分析法计算各评价指标权重,然后基于灰色关联理论建立评价指标关联系数矩阵,最后根据各评价指标权重及其关联系数矩阵建立综合评价矩阵。采用建立的综合评价方法对垃圾年份分别为1 a、5 a和15 a的回灌填埋体进行了综合评价。结果表明,垃圾年份为15 a的回灌填埋体与理想方案的关联度最大,为最优的回灌填埋体,其次为5 a、1 a。     

Falcon离心分选机回收废弃电路板金属的灰色模型研究

电子废弃物的资源化既能实现资源的二次利用,又能防止环境污染,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论述了Falcon离心分选机分选电路板的机制,并对小于0.5mm废弃电路板中金属富集体进行了分选试验。运用GM(0,N)模型对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板建立了分选灰色模型,与实际分选结果比较表明,该模型精度很高。该模型可以对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板金属的分选试验结果进行预测。     

Effects on nano zero-valent iron reactivity of interactions between hardness, alkalinity, and natural organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate

Nanoscale zero-valent iron （NZVI） is considered to have potential to reduce nitrate in the concentrate generated by high pressure membrane processes aimed at water reuse. However, it is necessary to verify the effect of the matrix components in the concentrates on NZVI reactivity. In this study, the influence of hardness, alkalinity, and organic matter on NZVI reactivity was evaluated by the response surface method （RSM）. Hardness （Ca/＋） had a positive effect on NZVI reactivity by accelerating iron corrosion. In contrast, alkalinity （bicarbonate; HCO3） and organic matter （humic acid; HA） had negative effects on NZVI reactivity due to morphological change to carbonate green rust, and to competitive adsorption of HA, respectively. The validity of the statistical prediction model derived from RSM was confirmed by an additional confirmation experiment, and the experimental result was within the 95% confidential interval. Therefore, it can be indicated that the RSM model produced results that were statistically significant.     

Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment

In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO_(3-)~-N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m~3·day)NO_(3-)~-N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.     

无烟粉精煤生产优质造气型煤的研究

介绍了新研制的桃水造气型煤,论术了无烟粉精煤的性质,XMK型复合粘结剂的研究,复合粘结剂的作用机理、造气型煤的特性和生产工艺、工业造气试验。结果表明:桃水造气型煤是替代块煤的新型优质化肥造气原料。