Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Nano-Fe₂O₃ embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.8-fold of specific surface area. The synthesized Fe-Mt have more oxygen vacancies than Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (nFe₂O₃), which could induce more reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation in the presence of CA under xenon lamp irradiation. Fe-Mt with CA enhanced photo-assisted degradation of DEP 2.5 times as compared to nFe₂O₃ with CA. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and identification of products confirmed that surface-bound ?OH was the main radical to degrade DEP. Common anions (i.e., NO₃^?, CO₃^2?, Cl^?) and humic acid could compete ?OH with DEP and cause slower degradation of DEP. The removal efficiency of DEP was more than 56% with Fe-Mt after three recycles, and the dissolved Fe concentration from Fe-Mt was below 75 μmol/L, indicating Fe-Mt had a good stability as a catalyst. Fe-Mt together with CA appeared to be a promising strategy to remove organic pollutants in surface water, or topsoil under solar irradiation.     

酸预处理对整体式催化剂载体性能的影响研究

通过使用不同浓度,不同类型的酸溶液,在不同条件下对堇青石载体进行预处理,考察了酸预处理前后载体本征性能的改变和对甲苯催化性能的影响,测试了其失重率,吸水率,上载率本征性能,并通过XRF,BET,SEM等手段进行表征测试分析.结果发现,通过使用20% HCl对堇青石载体进行加热处理3h,可获得最优性能的堇青石载体.吸水率较处理前可提升48.0%以上,活性组分上载率可达14.5%,皮尔逊检验表明吸水率与上载率存在中度正相关的相关性.通过对甲苯催化活性测试,其结果表明,通过酸预处理,堇青石载体比表面积提升10倍以上,由其制得的整体式催化剂催化降解甲苯的T₁₀和T₉₀分别为142和200℃.     

以淀粉为模板多孔纳米氧化铈的制备及其催化性能研究

为获得多孔纳米CeO₂（氧化铈）,以淀粉为生物模板,以Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O为铈源,在温和条件下制备出海绵状的多孔纳米CeO₂,同时考察了焙烧温度、碱液、铈源投加量对样品形貌的影响.利用XRD（X射线衍射光谱）、SEM（扫描电镜）、N₂吸附-脱附等表征手段对合成的多孔纳米CeO₂进行物相组成、微观形貌及孔径大小分布的分析.通过湿式催化过氧化试验,探究其对腈纶废水中有机物COD_Cr的催化降解性能.结果表明:①所制备的多孔纳米CeO₂具有多孔结构,孔径分布范围为2~4 nm,孔容为0.225 cm3/g,BET比表面积为256.426 m2/g;②多孔纳米CeO₂的最佳制备条件为1 g淀粉溶解于20 mL水中,加入0.02 mol Ce（NO₃）₃·6H₂O,以5%的氨水调节前驱体混合液pH,以1℃/min升至400℃,焙烧4 h,得到海绵状的多孔纳米CeO₂.③以不同形貌的CeO₂作为湿式催化反应中的催化剂,催化降解腈纶废水中有机物,其中以制备的多孔纳米CeO₂催化性能最佳,COD_Cr去除率可达82.5%.研究显示,焙烧温度、碱液、铈源投加量均可影响样品的形貌,在湿式催化过氧化处理腈纶废水试验中,多孔纳米CeO₂能显著提高废水COD_Cr的去除率.      

Reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for NiFe2O4 synthesis and its application in the Fenton-based process

The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles(NiFe_2O_4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe_2O_4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe_2O_4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H_2O_2 or NiFe_2O_4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ± 0.1% and 13.5% ±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe_2O_4 and H_2O_2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe_2O_4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between_Ni II and_Fe III ions in the NiFe_2O_4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.     

Non-catalytic and catalytic wet air oxidation of pharmaceuticals in ultra-pure and natural waters

A wet air oxidation (WAO) process was applied to four selected pharmaceuticals (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, and phenacetin) individually dissolved in ultra-pure water, varying the temperature and oxygen pressure. Due to the moderate (amoxicillin) or low (metoprolol, naproxen, and phenacetin) efficiency found in the oxidation of these pollutants, a catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) process was then tested using a platinum catalyst supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this CWAO process, the pharmaceuticals were dissolved together in ultra-pure water and in four natural water matrices—a reservoir water, a groundwater, and two waters from different municipal wastewater treatment plants. On the basis of the measurements of their removals, a discussion is given of the influence of the main operating variables: the presence or absence of catalyst, type of catalyst (the synthesized Pt/CNT or a commercial Pt/AC), catalyst dosage (0.005–0.050 g), temperature (120–140 °C), and oxygen pressure (20–40 bar). In most experiments, the removals were in the sequence: amoxicillin > naproxen > phenacetin. In addition, total organic carbon (TOC) removal measurements were made of some of the natural waters tested.     

醋酸乙烯生产过程废触媒的资源化回收

采用正交实验研究了微波、超声波条件对废触媒解吸效果的影响，对比实验结果表明，1次微波2次超声波联用技术锌的洗脱率较高，回收的活性炭超过了林业局粉状活性炭二级品指标。用洗脱的醋酸锌溶液制备的磷酸锌符合防锈颜料要求。最终的废液采用电石废渣中和后达到国家废水处理三级排放标准。实现了废触媒的综合回收利用。     

用TiO2-Ag-改性膨润土复合催化剂光催化氧化处理染料废水

制备了一种Ti02-Ag-改性膨润土复合催化剂，用该催化剂对直接黑L-N和直接铜蓝BR染料废水进行了光催化氧化处理，取得了较好的实验效果。     

废钯炭催化剂分析方法的研究

对废钯炭催化剂分析方法进行了研究,将废钯炭催化剂用高温煅烧的方法除去其中的活性炭并收集燃烧气体中的含钯微粒,采用甲酸代替碱性甲醛溶液或氨性水合肼作还原剂,过氧化氢-盐酸混合溶液代替王水作溶剂,提出了一种方法简单、浸出效果好、易操作的废钯炭催化剂分析钯的方法。试验表明,本方法适用于实际分析检测应用。     

焦炭负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备优化试验及其降解效果分析

以焦炭为载体,Na2SiO3为粘结剂制备了负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化出制备该光催化剂的最佳条件,研究分析了该催化剂在紫外灯辐照下降解亚甲基蓝染料废水的效果及影响因素。试验结果表明,煅烧3h,粘结剂浓度为20％wt,煅烧温度为400℃时制备的负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的降解效果最好,达到80．88％。