TiO2催化超声降解月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚溶液

表面活性剂随废水、废物的排放进入水体或土壤等环境,会对环境造成严重的污染.因此,有必要在其排放之前采用既安全可靠又有效的方法对其进行处理.本文采用经过600℃高温处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,以超声催化降解月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO9)反应为模型,研究各种因素对TiO2催化超声降解的影响.结果表明,在TiO2催化剂作用下超声降解AEO9是可行的,且效果明显.在超声波功率为600 W,经600℃活化的TiO2催化剂用量为0.5～0.7g/L,AEO9水溶液初始质量浓度为60 mg/L,初始pH值为4.0的条件下,降解2 h后,AEO9降解率可达99%以上.     

非热等离子体结合CuO催化剂或Ca(OH)2吸收剂去除氮氧化物

采用非热等离子体结合催化或现场化学吸收的2种方法来去除气流中的NO_x.结果表明,非热等离子体结合催化,反应器内的CuO催化剂能有效地促进NO的还原反应;相对于催化还原NO而言,脉冲电晕作用下能有效地降低NO催化还原的反应温度.当催化剂为CuO,脉冲电压为18kV,反应温度为200℃,还原剂为1%CO及NO进口浓度为719 mg/m³条件下,NO的去除率达到了100%.非热等离子体结合现场化学吸收方法,是一种在常温下从气流中净化氮氧化物的有效方法,NO的去除率远远高于反应器内没有吸收剂的情况.可以认为反应器内的Ca(OH)₂吸收剂通过与NO的氧化产物NO₂或NO₃的吸收反应促进了NO的去除.当反应器内有Ca(OH)₂吸收剂存在时,在脉冲电压为18kV,O₂浓度为2%及NO进口浓度为1 050 mg/m³条件下,NO的去除率达到了100%.     

污泥热解催化剂的研究进展

污泥热解处理技术具有较好的应用价值和发展前景,催化剂的加入可提高反应效率,降低处理成本,提高目标产物品质。本文综述了添加不同种类污泥热解催化剂对反应条件、反应过程、反应产物的影响,分析了不同种类催化剂的优势与不足,并对该领域未来的研究方向提出了建议。指出:应深入探究催化剂的作用机理,开发高效、环保型催化剂;重点研发废弃物制备催化剂,实现废物资源化利用;开展污泥与其他废弃物共热解的研究。     

改性镍铝催化剂氧化零价汞及抗氨干扰机理

采用尿素水解法制备NiAlO和NiAlMO(M=Zn、Ba、Mn、La、Cr)催化剂用于Hg0催化氧化研究.结果表明,在NH3存在时,NiAlZnO催化剂展现出最好的Hg0氧化活性,250℃时Hg0的转化率超过80％,并在350℃达到最高(90％).Raman和XPS结果显示,Zn掺杂构成Ni-O-Zn固溶体,引起Ni...     

Dry reforming of methane over oil palm shell activated carbon and ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalysts

In this study, cobalt supported oil palm shell activated carbon (Co/OPS-AC) and ZSM-5 zeolite (Co/ZSM-5) catalysts have been prepared for dry reforming of methane. Cobalt ratios of 6.0 and 14.0 wt% were deposited via wet impregnation method to the OPS-AC and ZSM-5 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption--desorption isotherms, BET surface area, SEM, FESEM-EDX, TPR-H₂, and TPD-NH₃. The dry reforming of methane was performed using a micro reactor system under the condition of 10,000 ml/h.g-cat, 3 atm, CH₄/CO₂ ratio of 1.2:1.0 and temperature range from 923 K to 1023 K. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and further quantified to determine the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, and the yields of CO and H₂. Experimental results revealed both catalysts exhibited lower conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ with the increase in temperature from 923 K to 1023 K. The reduced conversions may be due to the formation of carboneous substance on the catalyst known as coking. Comparatively, Co/OPS-AC gave higher conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ as well as higher yields of H₂ and CO as it has a higher surface area than Co/ZSM-5 which subsequently rendered higher activity for the reforming of methane. With the increasing cobalt loadings and reaction temperature, OPS-AC(14) catalyst exhibited improved activity and H₂/CO ratio. Based on these results, cobalt supported OPS activated carbon catalyst was suggested to be more effective for CO₂ and CH₄ conversions.     

中国报废汽车中铂族金属回收潜力估算

基于Gompertz模型预测中国2018~2050年民用汽车的社会保有量;在此基础上,采用物质流分析方法估算得出我国汽车高峰报废年限大约为9a.然后,通过市场供给A模型预测我国2018~2025年汽车报废量,结果显示,我国汽车报废量到2025年将达到2535.05万辆,并且地理空间分布极不均衡.基于上述汽车报废量的时空分布,测算不同技术发展情景下废汽车三元催化剂中的铂族金属回收潜力和需求量.结果显示：如果按照当前催化剂消耗水平,全国铂族金属的需求量均在2019年达到峰值,铂钯铑分别达到4.57,65.70,7.92t,有望实现行业内闭环供应;如果以欧盟汽车尾气治理标准为目标,而现有汽车技术不发生根本变化,需求量将大幅增加,铂钯铑分别在2020年达到峰值85.01,109.38,8.37t,存在严重的供需矛盾.为此,建议在汽车生产者责任延伸制度中,关注废催化剂的回收和再生利用,以促进前端生产环节在不同技术选择中考虑稀贵金属的供给限制.     

新型高效催化氧化技术的应用试验

采用新型高效催化氧化技术,在室内小试的基础上,将研究成果直接用于盘锦大兴化工有限公司高浓度COD的化工废水处理工程。     

Effects of synthesis methods on the performance of Pt + Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 three-way catalysts

The 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts were fabricated via different methods, including ultrasonic-assisted membrane reduction(UAMR) co-precipitation, UAMR separation precipitation, co-impregnation, and sequential impregnation. The catalysts were physico-chemically characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR techniques, and evaluated for three-way catalytic activities with simulated automobile exhaust. UAMR co-precipitation- and UAMR separation precipitationprepared catalysts exhibited a high surface area and metal dispersion, wide λ window and excellent conversion for NOx reduction under lean conditions. Both fresh and aged catalysts from UAMRprecipitation showed the high surface areas of ca. 60–67 m2/g and 18–22 m2/g, respectively, high metal dispersion of 41%–55%, and small active particle diameters of 2.1–2.7 nm. When these catalysts were aged, the catalysts prepared by the UAMR method exhibited a wider working window(Δλ = 0.284–0.287) than impregnated ones(Δλ = 0.065–0.115) as well as excellent three-way catalytic performance, and showed lower T50(169.C) and T90(195.C) for NO reduction than the aged catalysts from impregnation processes, which were at 265 and 309.C, respectively. This implied that the UAMR-separation precipitation has important potential for industrial applications to improve catalytic performance and thermal stability. The fresh and aged 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0:6Zr0:4O2 catalysts prepared by the UAMR-separation precipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance than the corresponding catalysts prepared by conventional impregnation routes.     

La0.8Ca0.2FeO3/MgAl2O4丝网整体催化剂用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧

开发了涂覆在金属丝网基体上的La_(0.8)Ca_(0.2)FeO_3/MgAl_2O_4复合整体催化剂,用于低浓度甲烷(0.5%,体积分数)催化燃烧反应.首先用沉积-沉淀法制备了La_(0.8)Ca_(0.2)FO_3(LCF)钙钛矿与Mg Al_2O_4尖晶石复合的粉末催化剂LCF/Mg Al2O4,用程序升温微反应器(TPRS)测定了粉末活性,结合XRD、BET、SEM、TPR的表征结果,筛选出了最佳复合物质的量比和最适焙烧温度.当LCF与Mg Al_2O_4复合后,抗烧结能力增强,以拟一级反应速率常数(k,L·g~(-1)·s~(-1))计的活性提高了1倍左右.然后采用浆料涂覆法,在表面改性的金属丝网蜂窝基体上分层涂覆了作为第二载体的MgAl_2O_4和LCF/Mg Al_2O_4复合粉体涂层,考察了复合粉体球磨前焙烧的温度、第二载体及活性层涂覆量的影响.最后在空速GHSV=40000 h~(-1)条件下测试了甲烷催化燃烧反应的活性.与陶瓷基体相比,涂覆在金属丝网基体上的LCF/MgAl_2O_4活性在600℃时提升了48.1%.500 h长运转试验发现,催化剂活性在初期的200 h下降了20.3%,然后基本保持稳定.     

铁铜催化剂非均相Fenton降解苯酚及机制研究

通过浸渍法制备了负载于活性炭(AC)上的金属催化剂Fe/AC、Cu/AC和Fe-Cu/AC,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、物理吸附仪及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行了表征.研究了非均相Fenton反应催化H2O2降解苯酚废水的工艺参数,并通过中间产物分析和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)探讨了过程反应机制.实验表明,Cu/AC催化剂中铜主要以CuO形式存在,Fe/AC中铁以多价态形式存在,以无定形形态分散于活性炭中.Fe/AC、Cu/AC和Fe-Cu/AC催化过氧化氢降解苯酚60 min内降解率分别达到96.7%、77.5%和99%;Cu/AC和Fe-Cu/AC催化剂中活性组分铜和铁有一定溶出,而Fe/AC中活性组分铁溶出很少,苯酚降解主要是以非均相催化为主,同时在三轮循环实验后的苯酚降解率仍然高达93%以上,显示了良好的催化稳定性.在优化条件pH=3、T=303 K及初始H2O2为4.38 mmol.L-1下,Fe/AC催化过氧化氢对苯酚和TOC去除率分别达到97%和53%,没有催化剂时苯酚几乎不降解.ESR结果表明Fe/AC催化过氧化氢产生了羟基自由基,证明苯酚降解是以羟基自由基氧化为主;通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测苯酚降解中间产物主要有邻苯二酚、对苯二酚和对苯醌,推测苯酚降解途径主要为邻位和对位的羟基取代反应.