Photodegradation of Orange Ⅱ using waste paper sludge-derived heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of oxalate under ultraviolet light emitting diode irradiation

A waste paper sludge-derived heterogeneous catalyst(WPS-Fe-350) was synthesized via a facile method and successfully applied for the degradation of Orange Ⅱ in the presence of oxalic acid under the illumination of ultraviolet light emitting diode(UV-LED) Powder X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electronic microscopy and N2 sorption isotherm analysis indicated the formation of α-Fe2O3 in the mesoporous nanocomposite.The degradation test showed that WPS-Fe-350 exhibited rapid Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ) degradation and mineralization in the presence of oxalic acid under the illumination of UV-LED.The effects of p H,oxalic acid concentration and dosage of the catalyst on the degradation of OⅡ were evaluated,respectively.Under the optimal conditions(1 g/L catalyst dosage,2 mmol/L oxalic acid and p H 3.0),the degradation percentage for a solution containing 30 mg/L OⅡ reached 83.4% under illumination by UV-LED for 80 min.Moreover,five cyclic tests for OⅡ degradation suggested that WPS-Fe-350 exhibited excellent stability of catalytic activity.Hence,this study provides an alternative environmentally friendly way to reuse waste paper sludge and an effective and economically viable method for degradation of azo dyes and other refractory organic pollutants in water.     

非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂的脱硝性能分析

以自制复配无机锰盐和分析纯六水合硝酸铈为原料,制备了非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂,运用XRD,XPS,NH_3-TPD技术对其进行了表征,并对其脱硝活性进行了评价。结果表明:所制备催化剂的体相结构为高度无定形态;催化剂中的Mn和Ce元素主要以MnO_2和CeO_2的形式存在;催化剂表面有大量的化学吸附氧和弱酸位点,并表现出较好的NH_3吸附性能;该催化剂不仅具有较高的脱硝活性,而且还有较宽的活性温度范围,80~300℃的脱硝率均达90%以上。     

CANON工艺处理石油催化剂废水的性能研究

以石油裂化催化剂废水为研究对象,采用电絮凝作为废水的预处理单元,研究CANON工艺的启动及脱氮性能.结果表明:电絮凝对原水浊度的去除率达到98.7%±1.2%,对COD去除率达到32.3%±4.5%.利用人工模拟高氨氮废水成功启动CANON工艺,TN去除率最高达到62.0%,TN去除负荷最高达到0.19 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)(以N计).使用石油裂化催化剂废水对微生物进行了驯化,经过108 d的运行,微生物成功驯化。利用CANON工艺处理石油裂化催化剂废水,COD去除率为40.9%±13.2%,TN去除率为67.3%±12.7%,TN去除速率为(0.07±0.02)kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)(以N计).反应器出水COD100 mg·L-1,NH_4~+-N10 mg·L~(-1),满足石油化工企业污水的排放标准(GB8978—1996).     

活性炭催化剂混合物降解气相二噁英及混合物的再生

基于二噁英稳定发生系统,研究不同温度下(160、180、200℃)两种活性炭(煤基活性炭及椰基活性炭)与V<₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂的物理混合物对高浓度气相二噁英(本文所有质量浓度均为毒性当量质量浓度,其毒性当量质量浓度为20.46ng·m^-3)的吸附降解作用.试验结果表明,混合物可以较大幅度的提高二英的脱除效率及降解效率,其中椰基混合物表现出较好的吸附性能,而煤基活性炭表现出较好的降解性能.当反应温度为200℃,使用煤基混合替代催化剂,二噁英降解率由56.4%上升至82.0%.将含有毒性当量质量浓度为1.539ng·g^-1的二噁英混合物置于200℃下,并采用混合气体(V_N2:V_O2=9:1)进行吹扫,发现经过10h后,混合物中二噁英的毒性当量质量浓度仅为0.296ng·g^-1,最终有76.5%的二噁英得到了降解,为混合物的循环利用提供可能性.     

Fuel cell system with sodium borohydride hydrogen generator for small unmanned aerial vehicles

A 100 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system with a sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrogen generator was investigated for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The performance of a cobalt–phosphorous/nickel foam catalyst was evaluated to determine the change in catalytic activity under real operating conditions. The response time increased owing to oxidation of the metals and accumulation of sodium; however, the catalyst remained active at high reaction temperatures. A NaBH₄ hydrogen generator with the catalyst was developed for a 100 W PEMFC system. The hydrogen generation rate was stable for 3 h, and the conversion efficiency was 97.8%. Finally, a 100 W PEMFC system with the NaBH₄ hydrogen generator was investigated for small UAVs. The maximum power and energy density of the PEMFC system were 95.96 W and 185.2 Wh/kg, respectively.     

Transesterification of Pistacia chinensis seed oil using a porous cellulose-based magnetic heterogeneous catalyst

In the present work, a novel cellulose-based porous heterogeneous solid acid catalyst encapsulation of ferriferous oxide (Fe₃O₄) and sulfonated graphene (GO-SO₃H) into cellulose to form composite porous microspheres catalyst (GO-SO₃H/CM@Fe₃O₄)was synthesized and evaluated for biodiesel production from Pistacia chinensis seed oil. The SEM, EDS and FTIR analysis revealed that the catalyst GO-SO₃H/CM@Fe₃O₄ owned stronger active sites and GO-SO₃H dispersed well in porous surface and inside of cellulose support. Under the optimum conditions, microwave-assisted transesterification process was carried out with the best catalyst amount, i.e. 5 wt% GO-SO₃H/CM@Fe₃O₄ (weight ratio of GO-SO₃H/cellulose), and conversion yield reached 94%. The prepared catalyst could be easily separated from reaction solution by extra magnetic field and reclaimed at least five runs.     

微电解流化絮凝床处理农药废水脱色效果研究

比较了在微电解流化絮凝床中采用不同的填料和不同催化剂时对除草剂生产废水的处理效果,并对反应中出现的填料板结现象进行了分析。研究结果表明,铝合金/焦炭(石墨)或铸铁(钢)/焦炭(石墨)作为反应材料能取得较好的脱色效果,铁质填料与阴极材料的体积比为1:8~1:12为宜;加入催化剂后反应速度和脱色效率都有明显提高。     

火电厂烟气脱硝技术探讨

本文介绍火电厂燃煤锅炉NOX的生成途径、目前国内外各种脱硝技术方法、选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术特点及不同催化剂型式性能比较等研究成果。火电厂的脱硝措施可在NOX产生和排出的主要环节中采用,应将各种脱硝技术进行有机的结合,实现以最低成本获得最高的NOX脱除效果。     

易挥发有机化合物在Pt/Al_2O_3-Si纤维催化剂上的低温氧化

本文合成了一种新型的Pt负载在Al_2O_3涂膜强力富硅纤维载体的催化剂,研究低温下催化易挥发有机化合物的行为.用四种有机化合物检验实验参数对催化剂分解有机化合物分解率的影响.讨论了流速、浓度、有机物的本性、预热温度、反应热等参数的影响,并给出了催化剂对苯、甲苯在特定实验条件下的活化能、反应级数和指前因子的数值.     

甲醇分解催化剂及其在甲醇汽车上的应用

以Al_2O_3为载体、由浸渍法制备的负载型铜镍基和铜锌基催化剂,对甲醇分解制取H_2和CO的反应具有优良的低温活性、选择性、耐高温性和使用寿命,对乙醇分解也有良好的活性。两种催化剂在甲醇汽车的车载分解器中的应用巳达实用水平。