PVC生产行业含汞废物特性分析与处置对策

本文对我国PVC生产行业含汞废物的特性和处理处置技术进行了系统的梳理,明确了现有各类技术的原理、优缺点及适用性,找出了该行业含汞废物处理技术的关键通用性规律。在以上研究基础上,结合含汞废物特性,提出了有针对性的含汞废物综合治理技术。     

铜基多相催化剂催化氧气氧化降解水中水合肼

制备了3种铜基多相催化剂,用于催化氧气氧化降解水中水合肼。实验结果表明:三组分催化剂c-CuZnCr比单组分催化剂CuO(c-Cu)和双组分催化剂c-CuZn具有更好的催化性能;在200 mL浓度0.04 mol/L的水合肼水溶液中投加23 mg c-CuZnCr,常温常压下反应360 min,水合肼的降解率达99.96%;c-CuZnCr在使用中稳定性好,循环使用5次未见活性降低。表征结果显示,三组分催化剂具有最大的比表面积,因而表现出最高的催化活性。动力学研究结果表明,c-CuZnCr催化的反应活化能为32.73 kJ/mol,与水合肼浓度和氧气压力相关的反应级数分别为0.97和0.78。     

Process conditions of preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalysttypes, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst of the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size (φ) was 0.833 mm×0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235℃ and 5 Mpa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield is 0.418 g/g cornstalk. The study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk)gas.     

Synergistic effects in Mn-Co mixed oxide supported on cordierite honeycomb for catalytic deep oxidation of VOCs

A series of Co-Mn mixed oxide catalyst supported on a cordierite monolith was facilely synthesized by ultrasonic impregnation. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the combustion of toluene, ethyl acetate and its mixture. It was observed that with incorporating Mn into Co₃O₄, the formation of solid solution with spinel structure could significantly improve the catalytic activity of pure phase Co₃O₄. And the monolithic Co_0.67Mn_0.33...     

稀土金属铈对湿式氧化催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍沉淀法制备具有相同cu负载量的CuO／7-Al2O3,CuO—CeO2／7-Al2O3和CuO-nO-CeO2／7-Al2O3催化剂,用H酸配水的催化湿式氧化评价催化剂的性能．结果表明,稀土元素Ce作为活性成分,不仅可以显著加快初期的反应速率,而且也增加了第二阶段的反应速率;还能提高反应中间产物小分子羧酸的降解速度和反应终了的pH值,从而减少金属铜的溶出;掺杂Ce使催化剂的晶体大小和孔隙分布更为均匀,孔径增大,有利于催化剂整体性能的改善．     

用化肥废催化剂制备硫酸铝钾

研究了以含铝、钴的化肥废催化剂为原料制备硫酸铝钾(明矾)的方法。确定了最佳工艺条件:化肥废催化剂粒度为300目、硫酸浓度为9 mol／L、浸取时间为30 min、用K2CO3调滤液pH至1-2。在该条件下制备的KAl(SO4)2·12H2O产品纯度为98.2％,达到日本工业标准(JIS K1473-1970)工业级纯度。     

催化加氢转化CO2的研究

研究催化加氢法转化ＣＯ２,在Ｆｅ／ＡＣ催化剂上采用不同的反应条件,可将ＣＯ２分别转化成低碳烯烃,液化石油气和液态烃,其转化率均在４０％－５０％之间。在Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－分子筛催化剂上,３５％ＣＯ２可被转化成二甲醚;在Ｒｈ－Ｖ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上,ＣＯ２可被转化成乙醇,其单程转化率在５％以上。     

Ce-Cr/硅藻土对几种低分子量有机物氧化作用的催化活性研究

考察了添加Al_2O_3对硅藻土的孔容、平均孔径及比表面的影响。并研究了负载型Ce-Cr、Ce-Cr-Mn等复合氧化物催化剂对丙酮、正丁胺、甲苯氧化反应的活性。氧化活性的顺序为:Ce-Cr-Mn-K≈Ce-Cr-Mn≈Ce-Cr>Mn>Cr>Ce。而且能够抑制正丁胺氧化过程NO_x的形成,正丁胺氧化NO_x控制能力为:Ce-Cr-Mn-K>Ce-Cr-Mn>Ce-Cr>Ce。     

资源型催化剂净化柴油机尾气

本文使用含有稀土金属和过渡金属元素以及只含有过渡金属元素的矿石制备了多种资源型催化剂,并在柴油机台架上进行筛选和活性评价.结果表明,含有稀土金属和过渡金属复合氧化物的ZC-1号催化剂和只含有过渡金属氧化物,但添加助催化剂的ZC-4号催化剂具有较好的温度特性、空速特性、热稳定性和抗积碳性能,其中ZC-1号催化剂的性能最优.对ZC-1号催化剂进行了700h的使用寿命考察,未见其活性降低。     

Ni/Fe/Cu氧化物的催化臭氧化作用研究

以吐氏酸的臭氧氧化为例,研究了过渡金属镍、铁、铜单组分和不同配比双组分氧化物的催化作用,附着沉淀法制备的Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ（１：４）和Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ（４：１）催化剂的臭氧利用率分别比γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体提高了２８．９％和２４．３％,金属氧化催化臭氧化能显著改善吐氏酸溶液的可生化性,当溴氧消耗量为０．２５－０．３５ｇ／Ｌ时,ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ达到最大值０．２８。