用化肥废催化剂制备硫酸铝钾

研究了以含铝、钴的化肥废催化剂为原料制备硫酸铝钾(明矾)的方法。确定了最佳工艺条件:化肥废催化剂粒度为300目、硫酸浓度为9 mol／L、浸取时间为30 min、用K2CO3调滤液pH至1-2。在该条件下制备的KAl(SO4)2·12H2O产品纯度为98.2％,达到日本工业标准(JIS K1473-1970)工业级纯度。     

Modeling and optimization of Nile blue sulfate mineralization by heterogeneous fenton oxidation

Artificial neural network and response surface methodology have been used to develop a model for simulation and optimization of the removal of Nile blue sulfate by heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. Experimental data were used to train an artificial neural network model with linear transfer function at the output layer and a tangent sigmoid transfer function at the hidden layer. A Box–Behnken design was employed to assess the effects of input process parameters on the total organic carbon removal. First order kinetics and lumped kinetics models were used to describe the reaction; a high regression coefficient indicated that the latter fitted best. The formation of non-oxidizable compounds was shown by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.     

铜污染草地对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊矿物质元素代谢的影响

为了评价草地铜污染对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊的影响,探讨铜污染的治理方法,在乌蒙山区的妈姑镇和凉水沟开展草地放牧试验和矿物质元素补充研究。应用原子发射光谱分析土壤、牧草和动物组织的重金属含量,应用全自动血液分析仪分析血液指标。放牧试验的结果显示:铜污染草地放牧明显增加了动物组织铜和锌的含量(P 0.01),降低了动物组织钼和铁的含量(P 0.01),试验结束时,试验组动物的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞数(RBC)和平均红细胞体积(MCV)显著低于对照组(P 0.01),羊毛产量和长度显著低于对照组(P 0.01)。矿物质元素补充试验的结果显示:补充硫酸钠明显降低了铜污染草地放牧动物血液和肝脏铜元素含量,补充试验结束时,处理Ⅰ组动物血液的Hb、PCV、RBC和MCV显著高于处理Ⅱ组(P 0.01),血液指标达到正常范围。处理Ⅱ组动物血液和肝脏铜元素的含量继续升高,动物组织钼的含量继续降低(P 0.01),Hb、PCV和RBC继续下降,试验结束时出现溶血性贫血,但补充硫对羊毛品质的相关指标没有显著的影响。研究表明,铜污染草地严重影响了乌蒙半细毛羊的矿物质代谢,补充硫酸钠可以部分拮抗铜的毒性。     

含硫酸盐高有机物浓度酵母生产废水两相厌氧处理

采用“铁床＋产酸相＋空气吹脱＋产甲烷相”相串联工艺处理富含硫酸盐的高浓度酵母生产废水，实现了硫酸盐及有机物有效去除的双重目标。     

基于硫酸根自由基(SO4-·)的污泥预处理技术

应用基于硫酸根自由基（SO4-·）的污泥预处理技术对抚顺某市政污水处理厂浓缩池剩余污泥进行预处理,强化污泥的过滤脱水性能。研究了最佳的氧化反应时间、S2O82-与Fe2+的最佳投加浓度与投加方式;并探讨了SO4-·对污泥特性的影响。结果表明,当S2O82-投加浓度为80 mg·g-1（以干物质计）,Fe2+和S2O82-的摩尔比为1:1,Fe2+按时间比10 min:20 min分2段投加时,在反应时间30 min内,污泥的过滤脱水性能达到最佳。此外,Fe2+活化S2O82-产生的SO4-·是强化污泥脱水的关键。同时,影响污泥脱水性能的胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances,EPS）浓度和组成在氧化反应前后发生变化,污泥的脱水和过滤性能得到提高。     

Purification of carbonic anhydrase from bovine erythrocytes and its application in the enzymic capture of carbon dioxide

This work presents a study of industrially applicable techniques to obtain a biologically supported carbon dioxide capture system, based on the extraction of carbonic anhydrase from bovine blood. Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme which catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. The objective of this study was to establish conditions to obtain carbonic anhydrase from bovine erythrocytes and apply it in the capture of carbon dioxide. To achieve this, two different purification techniques were evaluated: one by extraction with the organic solvents chloroform and ethanol, where different solvent proportions were studied; and the other by ammonium sulfate precipitation, testing percent saturations between 10% and 80%. Carbon dioxide was enzymatically captured by its precipitation as calcium carbonate with the enzyme obtained by both techniques. The enzyme extracted by ethanol and chloroform showed an activity of 2623 U mL⁻¹, recovery of 98% and purification factor of 104-fold. That precipitated by ammonium sulfate showed an activity of 2162 U mL⁻¹, recovery of 66% and purification factor of 1.4-fold using 60% ammonium sulfate saturation. The results obtained in the carbon dioxide capture experiments showed that the carbonic anhydrase extracted in this study not only enhanced the hydration of CO₂, but also promoted the formation of CaCO₃.     

纳米SiO2对微污染物HA、SDS及NH3-N的助凝特性研究

以聚合氯化铝PAC为混凝剂,纳米SiO₂为助凝剂,对含有下列微污染物：十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、氨氮（NH₃-N）或腐植酸（HA）的高岭土悬浊液进行混凝沉降实验。借助形态学理论、电镜观察与图像分析技术,研究纳米SiO₂对微污染物的助凝作用效果、吸附特性与絮体结构的形态学特征。结果表明：（1）在含有HA、SDS、NH₃-N的模拟原水中,污染物去除率与浊度去除率的相关性随污染物分子量的增大而增强;（2）纳米SiO     

SRB固态发酵条件优选及动力学方程建立

为解决利用微生物法处理酸性矿山废水中菌种扩大培养、菌种保存和接种等问题,研究利用固态发酵法制备硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)固定化产品.实验以亚硫酸盐还原酶(SiR)作为菌种活性检测指标,进行生物质粒径、初始含水率、接种量单因素实验,响应面法确定各生物质载体固态发酵的最优条件并验证;用固载产品处理模拟酸性矿山废水数据按照Lineweaver-Burk作图法,建立SRB菌去除SO42-的反应动力学方程.结果表明,以玉米芯为载体最佳发酵条件为:粒径8~20目、含水率70%、接种量10%,优化后SiR酶活为2.7385 U/g;木屑:粒径1~8目、含水率80%、接种5%,优化后SiR酶活为2.4863 U/g;甘蔗渣:8~20目、含水率75%、接种10%,优化后SiR 酶活为4.2960 U/g.固载产品处理模拟酸性矿井水SO42-,以1/v对1/[s]作图,玉米芯固载SRB菌的图相关性最好y=1176.9x+0.6034,R2=0.9199,建立玉米芯固载SRB菌的处理SO42-动力学方程为V=1.657[s]/(1950.45+[s]).     

UASB处理硫酸盐有机废水的启动

为了考察上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的特性,采用有效容积为10 L的UASB,研究了启动运行过程中COD和SO2-4降解情况、出水VFA和pH值、产气量及颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性(SMA)变化状况。结果表明,接种厌氧颗粒污泥,保持进水COD为1 500 mg/L,SO2-4浓度为100 mg/L,将HRT由24 h缩短至12 h以提高负荷,经历55 d成功启动了UASB反应器;当HRT为12 h,进水COD和SO2-4负荷为3.0 kg/(m3·d)和0.20 kg/(m3·d),COD和SO2-4的去除率分别达到80%和89%,出水VFA为3 mmol/L,产气量达9.5 L/d,颗粒污泥的SMA为86.4 mL/(g VSS·d)。     

碱式硫酸铝溶液吸收二氧化硫

为了探讨碱式硫酸铝对二氧化硫的吸收效果,对所需试剂硫酸铝和碳酸钙的适宜比例（碱度）,以及碱式硫酸铝能稳定存在的铝量范围等进行了研究,测定了不同铝量和碱度的碱式硫酸铝对二氧化硫的吸收量以及pH值,并分析每种吸收液的饱和吸收量,最后将其与乙二胺/磷酸溶液的吸收情况进行对比。结果表明,碱度为40%时,铝量要保持在70 g/L以下才能在加热时不产生沉淀,吸收过程pH由4.5左右一直下降到2.0左右保持稳定,饱和吸收时间控制在140~160 min为宜,较为理想的方案是铝量32 g/L,碱度35%。