Seasonal variations of polybrominated flame retardants bound to car dust under Mediterranean climate

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are commercial flame retardants that have been commonly used in vehicle interior to reduce fire-related hazards. Due to high temperatures and intense insolation that can be attained inside cars parked in the sun, additive PBDEs are prone to leach out and attach to in-vehicle dust, as well as to photo-debrominate. This study examines seasonal variations of concentrations of three common PBDE congeners(BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209) in car dust in Israel. The overall concentrations of these BDEs ranged from 1 to 29 μg/g, and were higher in the summer than in the winter(average of 10.2 and5.3 μg/g, respectively). Congener-specific concentrations showed distinct seasonal pattern,representing the interplay between leaching, evaporation and photodebromination. Photolysis of the three congeners, while adsorbed on glass filters and exposed to solar radiation, revealed first order kinetics with debromination rates on the order of 10-2/min. Hence, seasonal variations of the meteorological conditions were found to affect the in-vehicle PBDE concentrations, and are therefore expected also to affect the exposure of passengers to PBDEs.     

多级联合处理二甲基二硫醚生产废气

对二甲基二硫醚生产过程中产生的含硫有机恶臭气体采用冷冻回收、氧化吸收、吸附净化等方法进行联合处理 ,该废气处理方法建设周期短 ,投资小 ,见效快 ,具有较好的经济效益 ,两年内即可收回全部投资。实施运行后 ,大大改善了厂内及其周边大气环境。     

腐殖质对BDE209、Pb和Cd在水/沉积物界面吸附行为的影响

水/沉积物界面是有机和无机污染物的物理、化学等过程的重要载体和场所。为了探究溴代阻燃剂与重金属在水/沉积物体系的分布规律,以电子垃圾拆解地水体中常见的溴代阻燃剂十溴联苯醚(BDE209)和重金属Pb、Cd为目标污染物,考察了腐殖质对BDE209、Pb和Cd在水/沉积物界面吸附行为的影响。红外光谱分析表明沉积物腐殖质活性基团包括醇、酚和羧基类等官能团;1H核磁共振分析显示沉积物腐殖质主要由碳水化合物与脂肪族类化合物组成。吸附试验结果表明,水体中腐殖质能够促进沉积物表面BDE209、Pb和Cd的释放,BDE209在水/沉积物体系的吸附行为主要受水溶性腐殖质的影响,而对Pb、Cd而言,负载于沉积物表面的碱溶性腐殖质比水溶性腐殖质对其分配行为的作用更显著。此外,沉积物组分对BDE209在水/沉积物体系的分配行为无显著影响;粘土组分对Pb、Cd的富集能力高于砂粒,并且对Pb的富集能力比Cd更为突出。     

溴系阻燃剂的毒理学研究进展

溴系阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants,BFRs)广泛应用于塑料、电子、建筑、纺织等材料和产品中,在多种环境介质中都可以检测到BFRs的存在。目前市场上的溴系阻燃剂主要有3种:四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)、多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)和六溴环十二烷(hexa bromocyclododecanes,HBCDs)。近年来,进入环境中的BFRs在数量和种类上迅速增加,由此引发的环境效应日益受到国际社会广泛关注,有关BFRs的毒理学研究也成为相关领域的焦点内容。在总结近年来国内外相关研究的基础上,就BFRs在内分泌干扰效应、肝脏毒性、生殖毒性和神经毒性等方面的研究现状及需要进一步研究的内容进行了综述。     

十溴联苯醚降解菌的特性及功能蛋白初步分析

筛选获得了1株对十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)有较好降解效率的菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为铅黄肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus).该株菌最适培养条件为培养基初始pH 7,培养时间48 h.E.casseliflavus对BDE-209有较好的降解效果,在含有5 mg·L-1葡萄糖的降解体系中,1 g·L-1菌体处理1 mg·L-1BDE-209,4 d时降解率达到最大(56.7%).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳实验结果表明,在E.casseliflavus降解BDE-209的过程中,2 mg·L-1与5 mg·L-1的BDE-209可诱导菌体生成某类新的胞外蛋白,而胞内蛋白则随着BDE-209含量的增加,表现为蛋白表达量的增减以及受BDE-209抑制而不表达某些蛋白质.双向电泳实验结果检测到31个差异点,表明在降解时菌体中与降解相关的蛋白构象发生了变化,导致蛋白种类和含量变化.     

提高柠檬酸钠净化甲苯废气效率的实验研究

以柠檬酸钠溶液为吸收剂,添加三种不同的添加剂在填料塔中进行了吸收法净化含甲苯有机废气的实验研究。在相同的工艺条件下,分别研究了添加柠檬酸,无机盐助剂、聚乙二醇(PEG200)以及三者的组成对柠檬酸钠吸收剂去除甲苯效果的影响。实验结果表明,当5%柠檬酸钠吸收剂分别添加柠檬酸时pH=6,无机盐0.05%硅酸钠、0.1%磷酸钠和0.1%碳酸钠,0.5%聚乙二醇时,对甲苯净化效率及吸收容量都有显著提高。当三种添加剂组合时效果更佳。     

对苯二甲酸、乙二醇和氢化三联苯对职业人群健康影响的研究

目的研究长期接触对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯对职业人群健康状况的影响,为职业健康监护提供依据。方法采用职业流行病学的方法,在对某化纤公司进行劳动卫生学调查的基础上,分析对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯接触工人心血管系统及肝肾功能的变化。结果接触组平均接触工龄为16年,接触组和对照组人群高血压检出率分别为13．41％,19.21％;接触组WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT、ALT、GGT、ALP、HBsAg异常检出率分别为9．76％,13．12％,8．66％,11．17％,19．83％,14．24％,2．51％,8.38％;对照组上述指标的异常检出率分别为13．36％,9．09％,11．76％,12．29％,19．25％,13．36％,1．61％,9.09％。经统计学检验。两组人群各检出率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯在很低浓度情况及企业做好防护措施的情况下对职业人群的心血管系统及肝肾损害不大。     

Debrominated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is the primary component in a commonly used flame retardant. Previous studies had proved that BDE209 itself was not toxic, while its metabolites including debrominated diphenyl ethers (De-BDEs) and methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) posed a potential threat to organisms. Many studies had indicated that BDE209 could metabolize quickly in mammals, but lacking in the basic data about the metabolism of BDE209 in fish. In the present study, two replicate treatment groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to BDE209 via a single intraperitoneal injection approximately 100 and 500 ng/g, respectively. Muscle, liver and blood samples were collected to analyze the specific metabolites on day 1 and day 28 post injection. The highest concentration of BDE209 was detected in muscle tissues, from 796.1 ng/g wet weight (day 1) to 687.1 ng/g wet weight (day 28) in high dose group, suggesting that BDE209 could accumulate slightly in muscle tissues. However, BDE209 was not detected in the blood for all treatments. Most congeners of De-BDEs were found in muscle and liver tissues, with the highest concentration in the liver. The main De-BDEs were nona-, octa-, hepta- and penta-De-BDEs. A total of seven MeO-BDE metabolites were observed among di erent fish tissues. Blood had the highest contribution of the MeO-BDE metabolites. Each MeO-BDE congener increased over the 28 days. These results in contrast to other studies suggested possible species-specific di erences in metabolic abilities.     

乙醇共代谢降解MTBE好氧颗粒化的实验研究

以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,乙醇为共代谢基质,通过逐步缩短沉降时间、洗脱沉降性能较差的絮状污泥,在SBR中成功地培养出降解MTBE的好氧颗粒污泥。成熟的好氧颗粒污泥平均粒径为400.5μm,SVI 41.39mL/g,MLVSS 2896mg/L,颗粒表面分布有丰富的球菌、短杆菌及少量丝状菌。好氧污泥实现颗粒化后,反应器进水MTBE浓度为300mg/L时,其出水浓度可维持在10mg/L以下,去除效率高达90%以上(其中挥发部分约占15%)。好氧污泥颗粒化后MTBE的降解速率也明显增加,相比启动初期,一个运行周期内MTBE的降解速率可提高4倍。一个运行周期内pH值的明显降低也表明了好氧颗粒污泥对MTBE的降解。     

溴阻燃剂对肝细胞的毒性

为评价四溴联苯醚(2,2,4,4-tetrabromodipheny lether,PBDE-47)、五溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenylether,PBDE-99)、九溴联苯醚(polybrominated dipheny lethers206,PBDE-206)、六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)对人肝细胞(LO2)的体外细胞毒性。将5种溴阻燃剂与人肝细胞LO2共同培养,采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)检测5种溴阻燃剂对LO2细胞的相对增殖率,并按照GB/T16886.5-2003/ISO10993-5:1999标准评价5种溴阻燃剂对LO2的细胞毒性。体外实验表明,5种溴阻燃剂对LO2细胞均具有抑制作用,其中PBDE-47、PBDE-99和HBCD呈现剂量依赖关系。