计及消费领域的碳补贴政策演化博弈

考虑到企业和消费者的低碳策略往往受到政府补贴政策的影响,构建了消费者、消费领域相关企业和政府的三方演化博弈模型,探讨多种因素对各主体策略选择的影响机制.研究表明:企业低碳生产的概率与政府补贴力度、消费者低碳偏好、放弃低碳生产的机会成本和市场损失正相关,与生产方式转变成本负相关;消费者低碳消费的概率与政府补贴力度、低碳偏...     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水,将盘片改为转笼状,并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体,研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下,进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L,出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L,平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％;进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L,出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L,平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

采油污水深度处理和回收再利用

辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂是通过蒸汽吞吐减轻原油粘度进行开采的稠油油田,每日需要使用大量的水资源。针对其特点,建成投产了欢喜岭采油厂欢四联污水深度处理站。文章介绍了欢四联污水深度处理的流程、回注流程,进行了试验结果分析以及效益评价;并通过深度处理污水回注的成功降低了生产成本,产生了良好的经济效益并大幅度减少了对环境的污染。     

绿色修井作业的环保控制

文章主要阐述了修井作业过程中产生污染物的原因和污染机理,介绍了6种井下作业施工中清洁生产工艺技术,提出了废物资源化利用方式,并针对稠油井常规维护或大修施工前、中、后三期进行分级控制,逐步实现了清洁生产。     

锅炉量化管理是企业挖潜节能的重要途径

通过对辽河油田公司有关企业开展清洁生产审核,总结出了燃料锅炉量化管理的方法。在自然对流烘干室改造、碱液浓缩炉改造、燃煤锅炉设计效率核准等实例中,该方法可昭示能耗大的"瓶颈"部位,进而为企业制定节能方案、提出具体的节能改造措施提供了科学依据。实践证明:实施锅炉量化管理是企业挖掘节能潜力的重要途径。     

Organic Agriculture’s Approach towards Sustainability; Its Relationship with the Agro-Industrial Complex, A Case Study in Central Macedonia, Greece

Up to now, several scientific works have noted that the organic sector resembles more and more conventional farming’s structures, what is widely known as the “conventionalization” thesis. This phenomenon constitutes an area of conflict between organic farming’s original vision and its current reality and raises ethical and social questions concerning the structure of agricultural systems of production and their interactions with the socio-economic and natural environment. The main issue of this dialogue is the concept of sustainable agriculture, which for scientists and policymakers is a means to express their vision of a better agriculture. In this article we focus on agricultural sustainability in the context of capitalist production as conducted by the two subsystems of agro-industrial system. As we have proposed in this article, the relationship between organic agriculture, defined by two essential components (prevention and direct marketing), and the agro-industrial complex, defined by two subsystems, indicates the degree of agricultural sustainability. The investigation of this relationship can be extremely useful as it may lead those involved in the discussion of sustainability to identify the key aspects of sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the interaction of organic farming with the agro-industrial complex, a survey was conducted in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece, involving local organic farms. The results of our study indicate that a large proportion of organic producers did not differ substantially from their counterparts in conventional agriculture in so far as their relationship with the agro-industrial complex is concerned. Finally, this research highlights two scenarios for the evolution of organic farming. The first is the full absorption of organic farming to the existing economic system and the second one is the development of organic farming in a radically opposite direction to conventional farming.     

基于AIC准则优选AR模型研究我国生产事故

目前,由于生产力水平低,安全投入不足,安全监管体制不健全等因素,国内生产安全事故仍然居高不下.将基于AIC准则进行 AR 模型优选的方法应用到我国工矿死亡人数预测中,为事故预测统计提供一种新方法,预测结果将为预防生产安全事故提供依据.     

不同来源污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果研究

在相同接种配比(接种污泥占餐厨垃圾的质量分数为30%)条件下,研究了4种不同来源污泥(压滤污泥、厌氧污泥、曝气污泥和河底淤泥)添加或不添加缓冲剂时对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果的影响.结果发现,在不添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>河底淤泥>压滤污泥>曝气污泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量最高,达10.11mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计,下同);而添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>曝气污泥>压滤污泥>河底淤泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量也最高,为33.72 mL,且体系pH得以缓冲.     

漂浮植物塘协同处理农村分散生活污水研究

通过实验考察了漂浮植物塘对经模拟化粪池简易处理的农村分散生活污水的深度净化效果,结果表明：水葫芦、大薸、聚草塘对上述污水均具有良好的净化效果,水葫芦塘对TP的去除效果最好,大薸塘对TN和NH⁺₄-N的去除效果最好。当水力停留时间为20 d时,3种漂浮植物塘的出水污染物含量可低于GB/T 18921-2002观赏性景观环境用水河道类标准。在南方农村宅沟园河内种植漂浮植物是构建农村实用生活污水收集处理系统、控制农村生活污水对河道污染的一种有效措施。     

Energy efficiency and conservation for individual Americans

Americans make up only 4% of the world population, yet currently consume 25% of the world’s fossil fuels. The U.S. imports 63% of its oil and it is predicted that by 2020 the U.S. will be importing 95% of its oil resources. Over the past century, ample and affordable supplies of fossil fuels have powered the growth and prosperity of the economies of the US and other countries. Within this century, world oil supplies will decline while demand is projected to continue to increase, suggesting that we will have to transition to different fuels or become much more energy efficient or both. Looking ahead to the near decades, estimates are that consumers will have to reduce their energy use by at least 50%. This reduction will be necessary in large part due the decline in the availability of conventional oil and gas, but also because the U.S. population will continue to grow in number. Although government action is important, individuals too often discount their ability to make significant contributions to solving such major problems. This investigation identifies how informed and concerned individuals can collectively conserve fossil energy. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. An erratum to this article can be found at