柱色谱法批量分离N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3’,4’:1,2][60]富勒烯研究

经C60、N-甲基甘氨酸和间硝基苯甲醛反应得到N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3′,4′∶1,2][60]富勒烯(MNPF)反应液,旋转蒸发干燥得质量分数为23%的MNPF粗品,采用柱色谱法批量分离其中的MNPF。确定了柱色谱法批量分离MNPF的最佳工艺条件:二硫化碳为流动相,柱层析用硅胶(37~48μm)为固定相,色谱柱直径5cm,高径比为6∶1,最大上样量为23 g。此时分离所得MNPF纯度达99%,回收率为92.3%。     

环境持久性药物在江苏省地表水中的污染水平、分布特征及生态风险评估

江苏省作为我国的经济大省,对其进行环境持久性药物污染物（EPPPs）的污染特征与生态风险评估研究很有必要.本研究以江苏省1~4级河流和面积≥50 km²的湖泊为研究目标,对EPPPs的污染现状进行检测和分析.结果表明,江苏省地表水中共检出35种EPPPs,浓度范围为66.74~2189.83 ng·L^-1;该研究主要对检出率大于25%的17种EPPPs进行了探讨,其浓度水平为72.48~1142.79 ng·L^-1,浓度均值为345.20 ng·L^-1.EPPPs总浓度水平苏北和苏南浓度水平高于苏中地区.其中扬州市EPPPs浓度全省最高,可能主要污染来源为生活污水、航运污水排放及渔业养殖中的药物使用.EPPPs总浓度整体以京杭运河、废黄河为中线向两侧递减.对17种EPPPs的生态风险评估表明,单一目标药物对江苏省水生态风险较小;采用简单叠加模型计算出的联合毒性风险商范围为0.03~0.52,联合毒性对水生生物表现为低至中等风险.     

大型空分装置中空气透平压缩机的自动安全控制

简述大型空分装置的空气透平压缩机的自动控制原则,实施方法,着重介绍其防喘振保护及电机过载保护等方面的自动安全控制,以确保机组安全、可靠运行。     

电捕焦油器的故障树分析

建立了以电捕焦油器火灾爆炸为顶上事件的故障树,分析了引发该事件的主要原因,并提出了相应的防范措施和改进措施。     

Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic graphene oxide membrane intercalated by TiO2 nanotubes for oil/water separation

GO/TiO₂ membrane was prepared by assembling GO nanosheets and TiO₂ nanotubes. The intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes enlarged the space of GO interlayers and modified the surface morphology. Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property of GO/TiO₂ membrane was obtained. Water permeability, hydrophilicity, oleophobicity and antifouling ability of GO-based membrane were all enhanced by intercalating TiO₂ nontubes. Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were fabricated by synergistically assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes for oil/water separation. GO/TiO₂ membrane exhibits hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water contact angle of 62° and under water oil contact angle of 162.8°. GO/TiO₂ membrane shows greater water permeability with the water flux up to 531 L/(m²·h·bar), which was more than 5 times that of the pristine GO membrane. Moreover, GO/TiO₂membrane had excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling capability, as oil residual in filtrate after separation was below 5 mg/L and flux recovery ratios were over 80%.The results indicate that the intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes into adjacent GO nanosheets enlarged the channel structure and modified surface topography of the obtained GO/TiO₂ membranes, which improved the hydrophilicity, permeability and anti-oil-fouling ability of the membranes, enlightening the great prospects of GO/TiO₂ membrane in oil-water treatment.     

Correction Factors for Covariance between Concentration and Deposition Velocity on CASTNes HNO3 Deposition Estimates

The covariance between hourly concentration (C) and depositionvelocity (V) for various atmospheric species may act to bias the dry deposition (D) computed from the product of the weeklyaverage C and V. This is a potential problem for the CASTNet filter pack (FP) species, nitric acid (HNO₃). Using ozone (O₃) behavior as a surrogate for HNO₃, correctionfactors (CF) are developed to estimate this bias. Weekly CF for O₃ depend on both site and season, and seasonal average weekly CF for O₃ at a given site may be as high as 1.25.The seasonal magnitude of this CF is generally largest in summerand is ordered: summer fall spring > winter. The CF is drivento a large extent by the diurnal correlation between C andV (i.e., both are generally higher during the day and lower at night). However, since the diurnal C profile at elevated sites is relatively constant, the resulting correlation between C and V is small, and the CF at montane sites is generally negligiblysmall. The sampling protocol using daytime integrated sampling for a week and nighttime integrated sampling for a week capturesthe diurnal correlation between C and V adequately and may be used to aggregate relatively unbiased weekly D estimates. Day-night CF for O₃ are close to unity, and limited results suggest similar behavior for HNO₃. Using these limited FP results, the site- and seasonally-specific weekly CF forO₃are refined to estimate the corresponding CF for HNO₃. Worst-case adjustments for HNO₃ as high as 30% are indicated for summer periods at a given site.     

铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电隐患的测量与评估

根据人体静电的基本理论,人体的对地静电电位、电容和电阻是静电放电隐患的3个主要评估参数,也是建立静电危害模型的关键参数。笔者结合实际测量数据,对铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电的隐患进行了分析与评估,并探讨了其危害机理,提出了流动人体模型和人体—老虎车模型,给出了模型参数的数值。基于实测数据和放电模型分析的评估结果表明:在铁路危险品货场中,源于人体静电放电的静电电击和静电引爆两个隐患不容忽视;与基于实测数据的直接评估结果相比,人体—老虎车模型得出的评估结论是静电放电隐患,更值得关注。     

电除尘器及其电离荷电机制的研究新进展

详细介绍了电除尘技术研究现状、现存问题及其研究趋势.目前电除尘技术的理论尚不完备,属于经验工程的学科,电除尘器的技术性能优劣取决于设计命中率.为此,论述烟尘荷电凝聚机制并研究电离放电通道中的带电粒子复合问题及其输运特性等,以便解决除尘电场中的电离占空比、输运项甚低等问题;研究了烟尘荷电、凝聚的物理过程,以便进一步提高电除尘器的性能.     

旋转喷雾干燥法(SDA)脱硫工艺系统的应用研究

本文介绍了旋转喷雾干燥法（SDA）脱硫工艺的基本原理、化学过程、主要设备、控制、脱硫副产物、系统运行与维护等,并与石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫工艺、烟气循环流化床工艺进行了比较,给出了脱硫系统投资及运行费用的经济比较。还对SDA脱硫工艺在国内应用中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

火场残留助燃剂的提取分离及气相色谱/质谱分析

本文总结了从火灾现场提取样品中分离残留助燃剂的常用方法,比较了各种不同分离方法的优缺点及主要适用对象,并介绍了常见助燃剂的典型气相色谱/质谱图特性,为火灾调查识别的研究提供理论指导。