Spatial variability in soil water and salinity in Tamarix community in a semiarid saline region of the upper Yellow River北大核心CSCD

Tamarix is widely distributed in semiarid saline regions of the upper Yellow River. The community of Tamarix affects the spatial distribution of soil water and salinity. It is important to explore the dynamic response relationship of Tamarix community and spatial distribution of soil water and salinity in order to evaluate the effects of vegetation community construction and ecological restoration in this region. The natural Tamarix community in the secondary saline-alkali land of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area was investigated in July 2016. Classical statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil water and salinity. The results showed that the soil water content was relatively low (1.98%-7.55%), whereas the soil salinity was high (average conductivity 10.28-25.38 mS/cm) in the study area. The variability coefficient range of soil water and salinity was 36.1%-83.7%, both with moderate variations. Furthermore, the variation degree of soil salinity decreased with the increase in soil depth. The soil water and salinity had obvious spatial structure characteristics, which was mainly affected by structural factors or structural factors associated with stochastic factors. The coefficients of nugget were 0.04%-49.88%, indicating the strong spatial correlation. The spatial distribution of soil water and salinity in Tamarix community showed a patchy pattern; the soil water and salinity distribution in the areas with high Tamarix growing density were considerably high. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between soil water and salinity in the study area. In conclusion, soil water and salinity restrict the distribution and growth of Tamarix. Furthermore, the distribution and growth of Tamarix enhanced the spatial variability of soil water and salinity. Keywords. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于Box Behnken设计的煤导热系数分析与预测

为研究分析水分、固定碳及密度3个因素对煤导热系数的影响,选取多个矿井不同煤质的煤作为实验煤样,使用NETZSCH LFA457型激光导热系数测试仪进行测定,并引入二次响应曲面试验设计思想,采用Design Expert软件进行煤质指标的Box Behnken试验设计,按设计表筛选实验数据,构建了导热系数多因素、多水平影响下二次回归响应曲面模型,并对不同采样地点的煤导热系数进行了分析与预测。结果表明:二次回归方程P值小于0.000 1,极显著,失拟项为0.072 4,不显著,回归方程具有统计学意义;当水分在0.9%~10.9%,固定碳在49.3%~83.6%,密度在1.2~1.92 g·cm³之间,对煤的导热系数一次项影响程度为密度>固定碳>水分;二次项影响程度为固定碳和密度>水分和密度>水分和固定碳,且固定碳和密度之间存在交互作用,水分和密度、水分和固定碳之间无交互作用;应用响应曲面模型预测的煤导热系数误差为4.3%,满足精度要求。     

发泡注浆法合成莫来石轻质耐火材料

以工业废弃物粉煤灰和当地粘土为主要原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为发泡剂,采用发泡注浆法制备轻质莫来石耐火材料,研究了烧结温度对耐火材料晶相的影响以及发泡剂的种类、添加量和浆料固含量对轻质耐火材料常温物理性能的影响。结果表明,适当的烧结温度可改善耐火材料的晶相,同时对制品的孔隙率也有一定影响。选择适宜的发泡剂及添加量,在一定的浆料固含量范围内,可以制备容重小,孔隙率高,导热系数小,机械强度适中的轻质耐火材料。     

余热利用低低韫电除坐技术在燃煤电厂的应用

论述并总结了余热利用低低温电除尘技术在新昌某电厂700MW机组燃煤锅炉上的应用情况,指出采用该技术是燃煤电厂进一步减排节能的有益尝试。     

Success factors and barriers in re-use of electrical and electronic equipment

This paper aims to identify specific and generic success factors and barriers in the re-use of electrical and electronic equipment for a variety of different operating models. The scope of the study is information and communication technologies (ICT) and large household appliances. Success factors and barriers for re-use were identified through the conducting of semi-structured interviews with 28 case study partners representing the different models. A list of generic success factors and barriers was identified. From this generic list, the re-use success factors and barriers were ranked by the interviewees with regards to their importance. On the one hand, the difficulty in accessing sufficient volumes of good quality used equipment and the lack of legislations, which support, incentivize and – if necessary – enforce this access, were identified as most impactful barriers. On the other hand, the control and securing of product and process quality were ranked as most important success factors. Re-use organisations, which adhere to good re-use practices, differentiate themselves through quality guarantee from non-compliant, informal competitors. Moreover, proven quality strengthens confidence in re-use of important stakeholders like suppliers, customers, authorities and the general public. Differences in reuse barriers and success factors were also explored for varying geographical regions, product category and operating models.     

RVVB护套线过电流诱发短路故障发生概率与起火燃烧过程分析*

为深入研究电气火灾中护套线因过电流诱发短路故障的转化过程,搭建RVVB护套线过电流诱发短路故障电路,统计短路发生概率,借助高速影像,获取短路发生的时间和次数,分析护套线起火燃烧过程。结果表明:在过电流故障发生1 h内,I≤16 A时护套线仅线芯发热、绝缘炭化,无法诱发短路;I=24 A时护套线发生短路概率为40%,在973 s内发生初次短路;32 A≤I<48 A时护套线发生多次短路的概率随电流值增大而增大,在I=48 A时达到50%,发生初次短路的时间随电流值增大而减小,最短时间为28 s;短路引发绝缘层燃烧的概率随电流值增大呈指数递增,I=24 A时护套线在短路后发生燃烧的概率为62.5%,在48 A时达到100%,短路后1 618 ms内火焰可蔓延至护套线两端,形成全线燃烧现象。研究结果可对溯源电气火灾发生的根本原因提供数据支撑。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

电捕焦油器安全运行条件

为避免焦化企业化产回收工艺中焦炉煤气含焦油雾较高,可能影响后序工艺产品质量或操作,同时,造成安全隐患,目前,国内大型焦化企业普遍采用电捕焦油器,以有效清除焦油雾。但电捕焦油器在运行过程中,若控制不当极易发生火灾爆炸事故。通过介绍电捕焦油器的工作原理,分析电捕焦油器运行过程中所涉及的危险物质及运行中可能发生的火灾爆炸危险,结合火灾爆炸三要素及生产过程中遇到的实际问题,依据《焦化安全规程》（GB12710）,从激发能源、煤气中含氧量的控制入手,阐述电捕焦油器安全运行条件。     

我国电子废弃物处理产业现状与前景探讨

电子废弃物处理产业是伴随我国近年来社会经济快速发展而产生的一个新兴产业。本文分析了电子废弃物的经济价值、处理技术和产业政策,并对我国电子废弃物处理产业的现状与前景进行了探讨。     

节能控制系统在220MW机组电除尘上的应用

介绍了新型电除尘节能技术的原理及技术特点,以及该节能技术在山西某热电公司1、2号炉220MW机组电除尘器上的改造与应用情况。