微波无极紫外方法对二沉池出水的消毒研究

采用自制微波无极紫外连续式消毒反应器,对二沉池出水进行消毒.紫外光源为自制圆柱形无极灯,灯内充汞10mg、氩气压强666.61Pa紫外光强5.07mW/cm²,进水流量0.072L/s,出水细菌总数2CFU/mL,大肠菌群数0.微波无极紫外作用过程中,微波破坏细胞壁细胞膜结构使蛋白质、K⁺等胞内物质产生渗漏,这种不可逆的破坏过程有效抑制紫外光复活现象.     

Degradation and reduction of acute toxicity of environmentally persistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using VUV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis in acidic and basic aqueous solutions

Degradation and toxicity reduction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were investigated using TiO₂ adsorption, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis, and VUV/TiO₂ photocatalysis in acidic and basic aqueous solutions. Chemical analyses of PFOA and its selected by-products and an acute toxicity assessment using the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) were conducted during and after the various treatment methods. PFOA was found to be best treated by VUV/TiO₂ at pH 4 with HClO₄, as illustrated by the almost complete degradation of PFOA within 360?min and rapid removal of acute microbial toxicity within 60?min. This difference in the efficiency may be attributed to the strong oxidation effectiveness of the radical species generated in acidic media and the electron scavenger effect of the addition of HClO₄ in VUV/TiO₂ photocatalysis. In addition, the proposed method could effectively decompose other perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) species (C₃–C₇ perfluoroalkyl groups) if the initial intermediates formed were longer-chain species that degraded stepwise into shorter-chain compounds by VUV photolysis and VUV/TiO₂ photocatalysis in acidic and basic aqueous solutions.     

紫外光催化氧化在污水处理厂除臭工程中的应用

通过采用合适的构筑物加盖形式,设计合理的换气次数,采用自行研制的紫外光催化氧化设备处理广东某污水处理厂产生的恶臭气体,运行结果表明:该设备具有除臭效率高、操作简单、阻力小及不产生二次污染的优良性能;该工艺对产生恶臭的物质均能达标排放,且占地少,投资省,适合用于城镇污水处理厂除臭工程,具有良好的经济效益和广阔的发展前景。     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶的波谱学数据与结构分析

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶是重要的农药中间体.以3-甲基吡啶为原料通过光氯化反应合成2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,经分离后得到纯度为99.5%的产品.利用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振(NMR)等实验技术研究了其波谱学特征,详细讨论了该化合物的1HNMR、13CNMR谱,并对所有1HNMR、13CNMR谱的信号进行了归属.讨论了红外吸收特征峰对应官能团的振动形式,样品的官能团与目标化合物一致.该方法为此类化合物的结构解析提供了有益的分析依据.     

氯消毒和紫外消毒对城市污水处理厂二沉池出水中粪大肠菌群耐药性的影响

为考察城市污水处理厂消毒方式对出水中细菌耐药性的影响,使用二沉池出水进行氯消毒和紫外消毒试验. 选择AMP(氨苄西林)、TET(盐酸四环素)、CIP(环丙沙星)和CHL(氯霉素)作为典型的抗生素,研究消毒前后粪大肠菌群耐药率的变化. 结果表明:当水中ρ(有效氯)在0~1.0mg/L范围内增加时,粪大肠菌群对AMP和CIP的耐药率都有所升高,而对TET的耐药率却呈下降趋势. 当使用1.0mg/L氯消毒之后,粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET、CIP、CHL的耐药率分别为35.1%、5.6%、62.3%、0. 粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET和CIP的耐药性在氯消毒后会逐渐恢复. 氯消毒后48h,粪大肠菌群对AMP、TET和CIP的耐药率均高于消毒前. 在较低的紫外辐照剂量 (约16mJ/cm2以下)范围内,随着紫外辐照剂量的升高,粪大肠菌群对多种抗生素的耐药率均有降低,而较高的紫外辐照剂量则可能导致粪大肠菌群耐药率升高.      

Photodegradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matters in the water of Lake Dianchi,China

Water samples were taken from Lake Dianchi, on the Yungui Plateau of southwest China, and experiments were conducted to simulate the photochemical degradation characteristic of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the lake water. Three groups of experiments under different light conditions: ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and dark, were done and variations of fluorescence properties, UV absorbance, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during the experiments were analyzed to study the photodegradation process of CDOM with time. The result showed that light irradiation led to significant photochemical degradation of CDOM, resulting in changes in florescent properties, absorbance losses, decreases in aromaticity and average molecular weight, as well as decline in DOC concentration in the water. It was also observed that UV irradiation had greater effect than visible light did. However, various fluorophores had different sensitivities to the same irradiation condition, that is, protein-like fluorophore at the low excitation wavelengths is more sensitive to UV irradiation than the other fluorophores, and is more readily to undergo photo-degradation. In addition, visible light irradiation did not have significant impact on DOC in the water, with DOC concentration decrease by 5.57% –59.9% during the experiment time. These results may provide new knowledge on the environment behavior of CDOM in the water of Lake Dianchi.     

紫外分光光度法对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的同时测定方法的研究

利用紫外分光光度法的吸光度加和性原理,对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的同时测定方法进行了研究.通过调整待测物质溶液的pH值,可以使其分光光度法的吸收峰发生红移(或蓝移),从而有利于确定该物质的最佳吸收波长.对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的分析测定表明,在碱性介质中该系列化合物的吸光度具有较好的加和性,其相对误差在10%～15%之间,适于多组分同时测定.本方法的苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的线性范围均为0～70 mg/L;加标回收率分别为95.8%～107.8%,97.6%～117%和93.7%～108.5%,测定2组水样时的相对标准偏差分别为1.84%、3.20%,2.71%、1.06%和2.61%、5.10%.     

有机物对紫外光照下亚硝氮生成的影响

通过静态间歇试验,对紫外光照下水中无机氮的转化进行了研究,重点考察了有机物在反应过程中对亚硝氮生成的促进作用,分类比较了不同有机物的作用效果.结果表明:在紫外光照下,氨氮不能转化为亚硝氮,硝氮可以转化为亚硝氮;有机物的投加可以促进亚硝氮的生成;不同有机物对亚硝氮形成的促进作用大小与有机物的还原性有关,还原性愈强,促进作用愈大;有机物促进作用大小的顺序如下:相同碳链醇>醛>酸>酮、官能团愈多促进作用愈大,相同官能团碳链愈长促进作用愈大.     

紫外氯胺组合消毒供水系统中病毒微生物的分布特征

为研究紫外氯胺组合消毒对供水系统中病毒微生物的影响特性,以生产规模紫外氯胺组合消毒供水系统为研究对象,应用宏基因组技术对供水系统中病毒微生物的迁移变化、群落结构和病毒宿主进行了分析.结果表明,紫外氯胺组合消毒工艺能降低病毒物种数(6.13％)和基因丰度(51.97％),但不能完全去除水中病毒微生物.对比美国环保署(US...     

基于含时密度泛函理论的紫外光对太安的定性影响

目的 研究太安炸药在紫外光作用下的稳定性退化机制。方法 基于TDDFT(含时密度泛函)理论,在pbe1pbe/6-311G**水平下对太安分子50个激发态进行计算,依据计算结果,绘制吸收光谱,使用空穴–电子方法对最大吸收峰3个激发态(S₉、S₁₀和S₁₁)的激发特征进行分析,这3个激发态对最大吸收峰的总贡献率达97.31%。将此3个激发态定为研究对象,对太安分子被特定的紫外光激发至激发态后弱键的Mayer和Laplace键级进行分析,并基于IFCT(Interfragment Charge Transfer)方法对太安分子激发至激发态过程中的电子转移情况进行描述。结果 太安紫外吸收光谱的最大吸收峰位置为186.6 nm,小于实验测试的吸收峰位置8.4 nm。对此吸收峰的强度贡献最大的3个激发态中,S₉态贡献最高,为48.27%,其余2个激发态S₁₀、S₁₁为简并态,贡献相同,为24.52%。通过空穴–电子的电荷转移分析结果可知,3个激发态均存在整体激发并带...