Enhancement of UV and chromate mutagenesis by nickel ions in the Chinese hamster HGPRT Assay †

1. The HGPRT (Hypoxanthine‐Guanine‐Phospho‐Ribosyl‐Transferase) assay with Chinese Hamster V79 cells was used to measure the mutagenic effects of UV irradiation, potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. The agents were tested separately and in the combinations of UV plus nickel and dichromate plus nickel.

2. UV, Cr(VI) and Ni(II) were confirmed to be mutagenic in the V79 cell assay. The combination of UV(5J/m²) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) caused a mutation rate 11.2 times above that corresponding to the sum of the individual mutation rates of these agents. The combined action of Cr(VI) (0.1 mM) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) produced a mutation rate 2.8 fold above that corresponding to the sum of the individual rates of the separate agents.

3. The enhancing effect of nickel chloride on the mutagenicity of UV or Cr(VI) is interpreted by an interference of Ni(II) with the repair of DNA lesions.     

镍渣制备建筑用微晶玻璃的初步研究

对从镍渣中提取铁同时制备建筑用微晶玻璃的进行了研究.结果表明,熔渣中铁的质量分数可以降到0.5%左右,满足制备微晶玻璃的要求.对微晶玻璃样品进行了显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析.其主晶相是透辉石(CaO·MgO·2SiO2),晶体的形貌为短柱状,分布均匀.本文所介绍的制备工艺是可行的.     

EDTA直接滴定测定镍

参考磷酸在345~356℃时有强腐蚀性的特点,采有硫磷混合酸消解矿样,能使样品消解完全。本方法经加标校核证明,检测结果重现性好,准确度高。     

Ni2+对好氧颗粒污泥系统性能的影响

以城镇污水处理厂A²/O工艺的回流污泥作为接种污泥,在序批式反应器（SBR）中培养好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）,探究Ni²⁺对AGS系统的影响.结果表明：在25℃的条件下,50d左右培养出成熟的AGS,其形态多呈球状或椭球状,外表分布着少量丝状菌,颗粒污泥粒径主要在2~4mm,MLSS达6000mg/L,SVI维持在40~50mL/g.将Ni²⁺作用于培养出的成熟AGS,Ni²⁺在0~2mg/L的浓度范围内会提高AGS的稳定性,使MLSS上升,SVI降低;同时会促进AGS分泌胞外多聚物（EPS）,EPS组成成分中的蛋白质（PN）明显多于多糖（PS）;Ni²⁺对好氧颗粒污泥去除总氮（TN）的抑制程度要大于COD,最终COD去除率可维持在95%以上,TN去除率可维持在70%以上.     

膜电解法退镀废ABS电镀件及回收铜和镍

采用膜电解法对废丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）电镀件进行退镀处理。以退镀废液作为阴极液和阳极液,在阳极室退镀ABS电镀件,在阴极室电解退镀废液,进行铜镍分离,回收铜粉和NiCl₂。实验结果表明：在阴极电流密度为500 A/m²、初始铜离子质量浓度为24.00 g/L的条件下电解160 min,阴极铜回收率可达97.65%,电流效率达86.60%,得到的铜粉纯度为97%~99%,处理1 L退镀废液可回收铜粉20.0 g,2 mol/L盐酸0.87 L,NiCl₂晶体43.8 g;在阳极电流密度为500 A/m²、液固比为6的条件下电解60 min, ABS电镀件的退镀率为77.22%。     

铝粉表面超声波化学镀Ni-Co合金的研究

目的在铝粉表面进行镀Ni-Co合金层的研究,为制备新型的空心陶瓷吸波材料提供基础原料。方法利用超声波化学镀法。结果铝粉经过超声波化学镀Ni-Co合金,质量增加平均百分率达到了89.0%,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析,表明在铝粉表面形成了Ni-Co合金层。结论利用超声波化学镀法能够在铝粉表面形成Ni-Co合金层。     

汽车塑料饰件电镀工艺及其性能检测

本文重点讲述了汽车塑料电镀工艺以及其可能存在的各种问题,进一步介绍了相关问题的解决方法.参照目前国际上各大整车厂的性能检测方法,论述了如何对汽车塑料电镀成品件进行性能测试来确定其质量.随着各国对环保要求的提高,希望我国汽车塑料电镀工艺能紧追和应用先进工艺,减少对环境的污染.     

电弧离子镀HY11涂层的1200℃高温氧化行为研究

目的研究真空电弧镀方法制备的超高温金属涂层HY11在1200℃下的高温氧化行为。方法用真空电弧镀技术(AIP)在单晶镍基高温合金DD6上制备超高温金属涂层HY11,采用HB 5258循环氧化方法进行1200℃循环氧化试验,通过试验过程中试样质量变化评价涂层氧化寿命。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析氧化后的试样显微形貌,用X-射线衍射仪分析涂层材料的相结构,通过氧化速率对涂层材料抗氧化性能进行表征。结果采用单靶真空电弧镀技术制备的HY11涂层,经过1050℃真空条件下扩散2h,涂层厚度为50～60?m,扩散区厚度为10～15μm,涂层微观组织均匀致密,涂层合金界面清晰平整。DD6合金的1200℃循环氧化寿命仅仅为4 h,HY11涂层在1200℃的循环氧化寿命近300 h。沉积态涂层HY11相结构主要以Al_2O_3和Ni3Al为主。氧化后涂层材料表面形成的氧化膜以Al_2O_3为主。结论 HY11涂层在1200℃的循环氧化寿命为298 h,极大地提高了DD6合金在1200℃的循环氧化寿命。     

羟基乙叉二膦酸镀铜废液的处理及Cu~(2+)的高附加值资源化回收

采用Na BH4还原法将羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)镀铜废液中的Cu~(2+)制备成纳米铜粉,并采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对还原反应后的废液进行絮凝处理。研究了n(Cu~(2+))∶n(Na BH4)、还原反应温度、还原反应时间及PAM添加量对废液中剩余Cu~(2+)质量浓度的影响,并对回收的纳米铜粉进行了XRD和TEM表征。实验结果表明:当n(Cu~(2+))∶n(Na BH4)=4∶6、还原反应温度为50℃、还原反应时间为2 h时,废液中剩余Cu~(2+)质量浓度降低至1.1 mg/L,Cu~(2+)还原率达99.99%;可获得粒径为20~45 nm的近球型、高纯度、由多晶组成的纳米铜粉;当PAM添加量为10 mg/L时,废液中剩余Cu~(2+)质量浓度降至0.35 mg/L以下,达到GB 21900—2008《电镀污染物排放标准》(小于0.5 mg/L)的要求。     

Simultaneous photocatalytic treatment of Cr(VI), Ni(II) and SDBS in aqueous solutions: Evaluation of removal efficiency and energy consumption

Simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of poisonous Cr(VI) and Ni(II) ions, coupled with photocatalytic oxidation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were studied with a trace amount of commercial titania nanoparticles and by means of a direct-photo-irradiation reactor. The co-presence of metal ions and SDBS causes metal ions reduction as well as SDBS oxidation to enhance and energy efficiency to improve. XRD, XPS and FTIR analysis were used to characterize TiO₂ particles before and after usage with the aim of evaluating the mechanism of reactions. The effect of major operating parameters, pH and temperature, was investigated. Under conditions of [Cr(VI)]₀ = [Ni(II)]₀ = 5 mg/L, [SDBS]₀ = 10 mg/L, [TiO₂] = 40 mg/L, pH 6 and T = 35 °C; the removal efficiencies of 55.4%, 71.2% and 57.2% were obtained, respectively, for Cr(VI) and Ni(II) reduction, as well as for SDBS oxidation, after 110 min operation. The relevant kinetic model jointed with the Arrhenius equation was introduced. Pseudo-first-order reactions are relevant. Energy consumption (electrical and thermal) evaluations revealed that operations at higher temperatures provide significant cost reduction. Meantime, a criterion was proposed for a consistent assessment of this kind of processes.