乳状液膜法分离提取醋酸的模拟试验

研究了LMS－2－煤油－NaOH液膜体系处理醛酸水溶液的最佳操作条件，讨论了表面活性剂浓度、搅拌速度、试剂比、油内比及乳水比对提取率的影响，得出了制乳的最佳稳定条件，提取率可达96％以上。     

乳状液膜吸收有机废气的实验研究

为提高水吸收乙酸丁酯的净化效率,以石油醚作膜相,聚异丁烯单丁二酰亚胺(T151)、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T155)作乳化剂,制备水相/油相(W/O)型乳状液,作为分散相加入水中形成水相/油相/水相(W/O/W)型乳状液膜,进行了吸收含乙酸丁酯模拟废气的研究.主要考察了制乳速度、乳水比、表面活性剂用量、废气中乙酸丁酯初始浓度等参数对液膜吸收效率的影响.结果表明,乳状液膜体系对乙酸丁酯的吸收效率较高,在搅拌转速为400r/min,V(石油醚)∶V(水)为1∶1,w(T151)和w(T155)分别为6%和4%,V(乳化剂)∶V(水)为1∶4条件下制备的乳状液膜稳定性较好,且对乙酸丁酯废气吸收效率最高,可达80%以上.      

浅议砖厂对环境的破坏、污染及其防治对策

通过对哈密市40余家砖厂的调查和监测,分析了红砖生产对土地资源的破坏以及对大气环境造成的污染问题,就加强建设项目环境影响评价审批制度和排污申报登记、污染源监督监测工作,实行环境保护目标责任制,积极进行砖厂复坑复垦提出了必要的防治措施     

Modelling the propagation of an internal solitary wave across double ridges and a shelf-slope

Evolution of the internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) has recently attracted the attention of many oceanographers in Taiwan and the United States. These ISWs are believed to have been induced by a branch of the Kuroshio current over Luzon Strait, which propagates westward over two ridges in the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippines, and further onto the continental margin with a shelf-slope in the SCS. This paper presents some preliminary results for the evolution of a depression ISW across two triangular obstacles using numerical modelling and laboratory experiments. The experimental results confirm that the intervals and relative height between the two obstacles are important factors in the interaction of an ISW with the obstacles. However, in the case of the movement of an ISW of depression-type across the Luzon Strait, the effect of the two ridges on the characteristics of the ISW might be less significant than that from the shelf-slope, due to the variations in relative water depth. Results from numerical experiments also show that the amplitude of an ISW can be augmented once the wave commences its contact with a shelf-slope, where an internal hydraulic jump and wave breaking with vortex motion are evident in the laboratory experiments. Eventually, an ISW of depression-type could become an elevation-type at the edge of the continental shelf landwards beyond the turning point, where the upper layer is larger than the bottom layer in a stratified water column.     

红球菌PR-1菌株破乳性能研究

利用乳化剂Span 80配制出一种稳定的煤油-水乳浊液作为模型乳浊液,进而从大港油田废水中筛选出1株破乳能力较强的红球菌PR-1.该菌株培养液在55℃下8h可以使模型乳浊液完全破乳,且在实验条件下比化学破乳剂DGF-01具有更强的破乳活性.研究发现,乳浊液的破乳为线性增长过程,冻融和高压灭菌对其破乳能力没有影响,菌体细胞是破乳的主要活性成分,经超声波破碎及有机溶剂处理后其破乳活性显著降低.菌体表面有很强的疏水性,其对烃的粘附率为84%,碳链长度范围在C₂₇～C₅₄的枝菌酸类物质是保持菌体细胞完整性和疏水性的关键,其对细胞的破乳活性也至关重要.PR-1菌株发酵液用于原油乳状液的破乳具有操作方便,破乳率高,应用面广,无毒无害等优点,且能完全脱出J9-19原油乳状液中的水,因此可作为原油乳状液或油田采出水的破乳剂.     

Bimodal distribution of organochlorine insecticide levels in soil due to emulsion spraying

Concentrations (c) of lindane and technical DDT have been determined in about 60 soil samples, randomly taken from a 10 × 10 m² plot of bare soil one day after spraying. These experimental c, log c data, and literature data for dieldrin are used to examine the various residue distributions in cultivated and uncultivated soil plots. The normality of these distributions is examined with some statistical tests. All c distribution curves are more or less skew to higher c levels. From the pooled cumulative distribution curve and frequency histogram it is concluded that the found c distributions can be characterized best as bimodal.

Finally, some practical recommendations are given for cost‐effective soil sampling.     

矸石山自燃阻化剂的阻化机理研究

为了防治矸石山的自燃和改善矿区环境质量,揭示和研究矸石山煤矸石自燃阻化剂的阻化作用机理,寻求高效的煤矸石山自燃阻化剂,通过在煤矸石中添加各类自燃阻化剂,在柱箱中进行空气氧化程序升温实验,并利用气相色谱仪对不同氧化温度下分离出的气体中O2,CO,CO2以及各种烃类组分的含量进行分析,研究其自燃发生、发展的规律,从而为研究矸石山煤矸石的自燃阻化提供理论依据。实验研究表明,带有吸附基团的高聚物和表面活性剂组成的聚合物乳液对煤矸石自燃具有较好的阻化作用。该研究成果对矸石山煤矸石自燃治理具有一定的指导意义。     

磨料形状对磨料气体射流冲蚀性能的影响研究

为明确磨料形状对高压磨料气体射流冲蚀效果的影响规律,基于LS-DYNA数值分析了磨料冲蚀靶体应力分布,根据横向裂纹和纵向裂纹建立了考虑磨料球形度的磨料射流冲蚀体积计算模型;分析了磨料形状的球形度,通过高压磨料气体射流破岩实验得出了磨料形状对冲蚀体积影响规律;对比分析理论计算结果和实验数据,验证计算模型吻合度较高,模型数学形式简单,且具有较好的工程适用性;结合理论分析和实验结果得出,磨料形状对冲蚀效果具有显著影响,随磨料球形度的增大,冲蚀体积呈指数增加;在相同冲蚀粒子数以及冲击动能情况下,磨料粒子球形度越高,棱角越尖锐,冲蚀体积越大。为高压磨料气体射流的磨料优选提供理论依据,冲蚀性能预测提供简易算法。     

液膜法处理含氨氮废水的研究

用液膜法处理含氨氮废水,具有膜薄、比表面积大、分离效率高、分离速度快、成本低、节能、用途广等优点.     

A/O生物膜法处理乳液聚合ABS树脂生产废水

采用混凝—A/O生物膜法处理乳液聚合ABS树脂生产废水,确定了混凝预处理工序PAC和PAM的投加量,考察了混合液回流比(R)和A/O段总水力停留时间(HRT)对废水中COD,NH_4~+-N,SS,TN等污染物去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,在HRT为18～24 h、R为2～3的工艺条件下,A/O生物膜法好氧段发生了同步硝化反硝化反应,废水经处理后,出水COD小于60.0 mg/L,ρ(NH_4~+-N)小于5.0 mg/L,TN小于15.0 mg/L,达到了GB 31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。