磁技术处理含油废水的研究进展

在磁技术除油力学原理的基础上,分析了磁性材料和改性磁性材料的除油机理,介绍了磁技术在处理油田废水、机械加工废水、轧钢废水和餐饮废水等方面的应用,指明了磁技术处理含油废水的发展方向。     

高效破乳菌的培养条件优化及破乳效能研究

从大庆油田受石油污染土壤中分离到1株具有较强破乳能力的莫海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis),其24h破乳率>83%.通过正交试验优化了影响该破乳菌生长及破乳效能的发酵条件;考察了影响其破乳效能的环境因素.结果表明,破乳菌体生长的最佳发酵条件为培养温度25℃、摇床转速160r/min、pH9、接菌量10%、培养时间40h;全培养液破乳的最佳发酵条件为培养温度25℃、摇床转速160r/min、pH5、接菌量6%、培养时间20h;破乳的最佳环境条件为pH5~9,温度30~50℃、全培养液与模型乳状液体积比为1:5.     

川西地区压裂返排液破胶处理工艺研究

油田压裂返排液是油气田开发中产生的一种复杂的多项分散稳定体系,需进行破胶预处理后才能进行下一步处理。文章以川西地区压裂返排液为研究对象,选用次氯酸钠（NaCIO）、过氧化氢（H2O3）、高锰酸钾（KMnO4）为破胶剂进行化氧化破胶剂实验研究,结果表明：高锰酸钾（KMnO4）的破胶效果最好,工艺条件简单,运输、保存方便。COD去除率达77％以上,破胶后水色最好。     

乳状液膜法治理氧化铁氨氮废水的研究

研究了采用液膜分离技术从氧化铁行业生产氨氮废水中处理氨氮的工艺,并通过实际工业废水进行了验证。主要考察了表面活性剂的用量、外水相pH值、内相试剂的选择、油内比、乳水比等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。通过实验结果表明:以3%EA表面活性剂(质量分数),10%内水相硫酸浓度,油内比为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为1057mg/L氧化铁行业氨氮废水,在pH值为11.8,乳水比Rew为1∶8的传质条件下,氨氮去除率可达94%以上。     

高压顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定聚合物乳液中的残余单体

介绍测定５种残余单体的顶空分析方法,采用高压顶空进样技术,研究高压顶空的测定条件,方法操作简单、无需对样品进行预处理,线性范围１０＾３－１０＾４,精密度ＲＳＤ〈５％,检出限〈１μｇ／ｇ。     

手喷漆清洗剂的研制

为了有效地清除城市小广告以及街头涂鸦,研制了一种针对热塑性丙烯酸树脂类手喷漆的乳液型脱漆剂。采用单因素实验法研究了有机溶剂的种类、用量,主、助溶剂的质量比,表面活性剂的种类、用量,甲酸的用量,对脱漆效率的影响。实验结果表明:脱漆剂的最佳组成为以乙酸丁酯为主溶剂,苯甲醇为助溶剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和OP-10复配为表面活性剂,甲酸为促进剂,石蜡为挥发抑制剂。当乙酸丁酯为27 g,苯甲醇为9 g,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为1 g,OP-10为1 g,甲酸为2 g,石蜡为6 g时脱漆效率最高。在最佳实验配方及其用量的条件下,1 mL脱漆剂所能擦除漆膜的面积为70.65 cm2。并且脱漆剂中水含量超过50%,其余组成部分均为低毒、挥发性不大的物质,易于生物降解,市售常见,成本低廉,符合绿色化学"高效、洁净、经济、环保"的要求。     

Research on the critical temperature of thermal decomposition for large cartridge emulsion explosives

Emulsion explosives are one type of main industrial explosives. The emergence of the large cartridge emulsion explosives has brought new security incidents. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) were selected for the preliminary investigation of the thermal stability of emulsion explosives. The results showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperatures were in the range of 232–239 °C in nitrogen atmosphere (220–232 °C in oxygen atmosphere) in DSC measurements and 216 °C in ARC measurements. The slow cook-off experiments were carried out to investigate the critical temperature of the thermal decomposition (T_c) of the large cartridge emulsion explosives. The results indicated that the larger the diameter of the emulsion explosives, the smaller the T_c is. For the large cartridge emulsion explosives with diameter of 70 mm, the T_c was 170 °C at the heating rate of 3 °C h⁻¹. It is a dangerous temperature for the production of the large cartridge emulsion explosives and it should cause our attention.     

Coupling magnetic particles with flocculants to enhance demulsification and separation of waste cutting emulsion for engineering applications

Magnetic particles were coupled with a flocculant to enhance the demulsification and separation of waste cutting emulsions. The optimal magnetic particle size and critical magnetic field conditions were investigated to achieve large-scale engineering application of magnetic demulsification separation for waste cutting emulsion treatment. The micro-scale magnetic particles were found to show comparable effects to nano-scale magnetic particles on enhancing the demulsification and separation of cutting emulsions, which are beneficial for broadening the selectivity of low-cost magnetic particles. The critical magnetic separation region was determined to be an area 40 mm from the magnetic field source. Compared to the flocculant demulsification, the magnetic demulsification separation exhibited a significant advantage in accelerating flocs–water separation by decreasing the separation time of flocs from 180–240 min to less than 15 min, compressing the flocs by reducing the floc volume ratio from 60%–90% to lower than 20%, and showing excellent adaptability to the variable properties of waste cutting emulsions. Coupled with the design of the magnetic disk separator, continuous demulsification separation of the waste cutting emulsion was achieved at 1.0 t/hr for at least 10 hr to obtain clear effluent with 81% chemical oxygen demand removal and 89% turbidity reduction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying magnetic demulsification separation to large-scale continuous treatment of waste emulsion. Moreover, it addresses the flocs–water separation problems that occur in practical flocculant demulsification engineering applications.     

Tacoma大桥风振致毁事故机理分析与模拟

以Tacoma大桥风振致毁事故为例,从流体力学的角度系统分析了气流绕过桥体时流场对称性的破缺及其诱发桥梁振动的机理;并通过建立数值计算模型,采用Fluent软件对其进行了仿真计算。结果显示：当风速超过1m/s时,桥面上下侧压力对称性开始破缺,低压区从桥面的正下方（或正上方）逐渐向右移动,跨过右边墙后消失,同时在相反的一侧逐步形成低压区,然后又向右移动并逐渐消失,如此周期交替变化,并且在不同的风速条件下,交替变化的频率不同,其值随着风速的增加而逐步增大,但增长速率却随着风速的增加逐渐减小。     

高浓度油脂乳化有机废水的治理

北海粮油工业有限公司油脂乳化废水 ,CODCr高达 15 0 0 0mg L ,油 5 0 0 0mg L ,采用高效气浮与成套设备处理后 ,收到了相当满意的效果