Performance of a diesel engine with water emulsified diesel prepared with optimized process parameters

An attempt has been made to produce stable water–diesel emulsion with optimal formulation and process parameters and to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using this stable water–diesel emulsion. A total of 54 samples were prepared with varying water/diesel ratio, surfactant amount and stirring speed and water separation was recorded after 24 and 48 hr of emulsification. The recorded data were used in artificial neural network (ANN)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find the optimal parameters to produce water–diesel emulsion for engine testing. The predicted optimal parameters were found as 20% water to diesel ratio, 0.9% surfactant and 2200 rpm of stirrer for a water separation of 14.33% in one day with a variation of 6.54% against the actual value of water separation. Water–diesel emulsion fuel exhibited similar fuel properties as base fuel. The peak cylinder gas pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate for water–diesel were found higher as compared to diesel at medium to full engine loads. The improved air-fuel mixing in water–diesel emulsion enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of engine. The absorption of heat by water droplets present in water–diesel emulsion led to reduced exhaust gas temperature (EGT). With water–diesel emulsion fuel, the mean carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions reduced by 8.80, 39.60, and 26.11%, respectively as compared to diesel.     

三元高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能

采用本体聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)为单体,反应型低聚硅氧烷(OSS)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了三元高吸油树脂,优化了制备条件,考察了其对不同有机溶剂的吸油性能,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:树脂制备的优化条件为BA,St,SMA,OSS,AIBN的质量分别占单体总质量的39.60%,39.60%,20.80%,0.21%,1.50%,于55℃下反应24 h;在该优化条件下所制备的树脂对氯仿的吸油率可达80.2 g/g;树脂对氯仿和二氯甲烷的吸油率远高于其他有机溶剂。表征结果显示,树脂形成了一定的网络结构,具有较好的耐热性、耐寒性和热稳定性。     

三维电极处理腈纶聚合废水的条件优化研究

采用填充粒状活性炭的三维电极处理腈纶聚合废水,考察实验条件对污染物去除效果的影响以及废水处理前后可生化性的变化.阳极为Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃网状极板,阴极为网状钛电极,分别考察了停留时间、 电解电压、 pH值、 曝气量对废水中污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,电解电压和pH值对废水有机物的去除率影响较大,在最优实验条件：电解电压为15V,pH值为3,曝气量400 mL/min的条件下电解120 min,腈纶聚合废水的COD、 TOC和丙烯腈的去除率分别为32.59%、 22.17%和89.70%,并且经过电解处理,废水BOD₅/COD值从0.02上升至0.42,可生化性显著提高,为生物处理提供了条件.     

BS-Ⅰ型乳液抑尘剂防治矿山运输路面扬尘

由2.0—5.0%乳化油、0.05%乳化剂和水制备而成的BS-Ⅰ型乳液抑尘剂,在山东铝厂矿山公司使用表明,一次喷洒0.8—2.0kg/m²,能使砂土或砂石运输路面粉尘从9.6—33.3mg/m³(平均19.5mg/m³)。在10—15昼夜内降至10mg/m³以下(平均4.3—5.8mg/m³)。使用该抑尘剂,大大减轻了路面扬尘污染,同时降低了车辆磨损和油耗。乳液抑尘剂良好的防尘效果主要是由其自身的物理化学性质决定的。     

乳化液膜法处理含氨基J酸工业废水中破乳的实验研究

针对当前乳化液膜法中关键步骤—破乳进行了实验性研究。对于煤油—LMA－1—NaOH膜体系,研究了化学法和交流低电压电破乳的可行性,重点研究了电破乳的方法及温度、液膜体系及电场强度对破乳的影响。结果表明：对本实验的膜体系,化学法破乳效果不佳,而低电压破乳效果较好,破乳后的LMA－1油相可重复使用,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

无机超滤技术和生化处理技术在宝钢冷轧含油废水处理中的应用

冷轧废水处理是轧钢工艺中的难点之一。宝钢 2 0 30冷轧废水处理改造工程 ,首次将生化处理技术引入到冷轧含油废水处理工艺 ,并在工程中采用了无机陶瓷超滤技术 ,从而实现了冷轧废水处理的国产化及国内技术总成     

乳化炸药密度在线检测技术

简述了常见密度在线检测方法,提出了一种采用数字称重技术间接在线测量炸药密度的新方法,建立了乳化炸药密度数字在线检测与控制系统,包括系统硬件电路的设计、硬件和电气线路的安装,以及软件程序连接和调试.研究表明,样品质量与检测系统的数字输出存在良好的线性关系,测量精度满足要求.因此,该系统可实现乳化炸药密度的在线实时测定,同时还可通过PLC实现敏化效果的自动反馈与调控,从而保证乳化炸药的敏化效果和产品质量.     

化工生产事故预防信息系统研究

为指导操作人员正确地处理化工生产过程中的问题,防范人为误操作导致的事故发生,开发了以化工生产的危险与可操作性分析结果和典型事故原因分析结果为知识库的事故预防信息系统.系统实时在线监测化工生产过程中的关键变量,通过判定变量间的影响关系,实现对化工生产过程潜在危险的辨识、预警并给予实时操作指导,以确保生产安全,提高装置的生产效率.最后,以丙烯聚合工艺为例,在多功能过程试验控制平台上进行了验证,探讨了事故预防信息系统的应用方法.     

GO-TiO2改性中空纤维膜的制备条件及抗污染性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)与纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)为改性剂,采用界面聚合法与抽滤吸附结合,对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜(简称原膜)进行表面改性,得到新型纳米改性膜(简称GO-TiO_2改性膜).研究改性膜的制备工艺条件及其对腐殖酸(HA)的吸附截留性能与抗污染特性.结果表明:(1)最佳制备工艺条件为:钛酸丁酯2 m L、GO 1 mg、间苯二胺1%(质量分数)、间苯二胺浸泡时间8 min、均苯三甲酰氯0.2%(质量分数)、均苯三甲酰氯浸泡时间10 min;(2)亲水性提高显著,亲水性表面为GO-聚酰胺-TiO_2复合结构,改性膜接触角由80.6°±1.8°下降到38.6°±1.2°;(3)抗污染性能提高明显.改性膜通量总衰减率由改性前的51.2%下降到35.6%,过滤周期约为原膜的2.5倍;反冲洗后膜通量恢复率由69%提高到96%.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.