How Grammatical Choice Shapes Media Representations of Climate (Un)certainty

Although mass media continue to play a key role in translating scientific uncertainty for public discourse, communicators of climate science are becoming increasingly aware of their own role in shaping scientific messages in the news. As an example of how future media research can provide relevant feedback to climate communicators, the present study examines the ways in which grammatical and word choices represent and construct uncertainty in news reporting about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Qualifying and hedging language and other “epistemic markers” are analyzed in four newspapers during 2001 and 2007: the New York Times and Wall Street Journal from the USA and El País and El Mundo from Spain. Though the US newspapers contained a higher density of epistemic markers and used more ambiguous grammatical constructs of uncertainty than the Spanish newspapers, all four media sources chose similar words when questioning the certainty around climate change. Moreover, the density of epistemic markers in each newspaper either remained the same or increased with time, despite ever-growing scientific agreement that human activities modify global climate. While the US newspapers increasingly adopted IPCC language to describe climate uncertainties, they also exhibited an emerging tendency to construct uncertainty by highlighting differences between IPCC reports or between scientific predictions and observations. The analysis thus helps identify articulations of uncertainty that will shape future media portrayals of climate science across varying cultural and national contexts.     

天氧膨胀床处理低浓度污水的污泥颗粒和生物活性变化

污泥的聚集形态和活性,是影响厌氧反应器处理效率的关键因素。通过对厌氧膨胀床反应器（anaerobicex—pandedblanketreactor,AEBR）处理低浓度城镇污水在启动和稳定运行期的污泥活性研究,AEBR在启动运行期内,接种颗粒污泥为适应低浓度基质条件,污泥粒径经历从大变小,再重新颗粒化粒径变大的过程。在运行期第103天,粒径小于1000μm污泥的体积比达到44．7％,平均粒径为952μm,到运行期第173天,粒径小于1000μm污泥的体积比降为28％,平均粒径达1179μm,污泥重新颗粒化完成。颗粒污泥适应新的环境后,单位重量污泥的最大比产甲烷活性（specificmetha．nogensisactivity,SMA）值和胞外聚合物含量增加,分别达到112mLCH4／（gVSS·d）和215mg／gVSS。在处理实际城镇污水的AEBR反应器内,辅酶F420含量可以有效指示污泥样品的产甲烷活性,AEBR反应器不同高度位置的污泥活性不一样,反应器底部污泥活性低于中上部区域污泥的活性。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床处理白酒废水启动实验的研究

对用颗粒活性炭作为载体的AAFEB反应器处理白酒废水的启动实验进行了研究。结果表明：在采用恒定进水COD浓度和pH的条件下,通过不断提高温度到35℃,缩短水力停留时间至8 h,维持床层膨胀率在18%～20%,经36 d反应器成功启动,此时反应器有机容积负荷6 kg COD/（m3.d）,COD去除率达到82.9%,容积...     

基于开源GIS的长江流域晴日辐射反演

以开源GIS软件GRASS为平台,首次通过辐射过程模型r.sun和编程语言Shell实现长江流域500 m分辨率的晴日辐射反演（包括直接辐射、散射辐射和反射辐射）,为了解长江流域辐射时空分布规律和相关宏观气候、生态建模奠定基础。结论如下：（1）精度验证表明,晴日辐射反演结果较理想;相关晴日指数的误差指标MPE、MAPE和RMSE分别为37%、75%和64%,r.sun模型可进一步用于中国其它区域;（2）长江流域晴日辐射年均日值为2424±245 MJ/(m2·d),其各组分差异显著,直接、散射、反射辐射分别占总辐射的842%、156%和02%;（3）晴日辐射空间分布梯度明显,沿三级地形阶梯向东辐射值及变异逐渐减小,海拔变化引起的大气衰减因素在决定晴日辐射分布时起重要作用;（4）晴日辐射季节分布不对称,月际变化总体呈倒“U”形分布;直接辐射和散射辐射变化趋势基本一致,但二者比例随大气浑浊度的变化波动剧烈。     

Responding to crises and disasters: the role of risk attitudes and risk perceptions

Discussions are taking place both in the United States and in Europe about how governments should respond to both disasters and crises, and how citizens' non-desirable behaviour might be managed with respect to such disasters. Here we examine the role that risk attitudes and risk perceptions play in decision making behaviour of individuals in times of crises and disasters and how knowledge about individual behaviour and its drivers may be helpful when developing policy. The proposed framework complements the existing literature, thereby further enriching the knowledge of crises and disaster management.     

D-S证据理论在油库安全评价中的应用

油库系统复杂,各指标因素之间具有不确定性.证据理论具有数据融合、处理不确定因素等特点,已广泛用于专家决策、人工智能、目标识别等领域. 提出将该理论应用于油库安全评价中,应用该理论来处理因素之间的不确定性问题;运用证据融合准则研究多系统、多因素对评价对象的共同作用.实例表明,D-S证据理论是一种科学的安全评价方法,具有可行性与实用性.     

COVID-19 and individual performance in global virtual teams: The role of self-regulation and individual cultural value orientations

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, global virtual teams (GVTs) have become increasingly important. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and self-regulation theory, we examined the mechanism and process underlying individuals' performance in GVTs in this specific situation. We posit that the local severity of the pandemic has a negative effect on individuals' performance in GVTs and that self-regulation functions as a coping mechanism in times of pandemic-related ambient stress, reducing its negative effect on performance. We suggest that three cultural value orientations, that is, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation, explain different levels of self-regulation, which in turn moderates the relationship between the local severity of the pandemic and individual performance in GVTs. Based on a sample of 2727 individuals from 31 countries participating in an international business consulting project during the early stage of the unfolding pandemic, we show that (a) the local severity of the pandemic had a negative effect on individuals' performance, (b) the negative effect of the pandemic on performance is weaker for individuals with high self-regulation, and (c) uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation are positively associated with self-regulation, which mediates the moderating relationship between the cultural value orientations and the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and individual performance in GVTs.