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241.
Fish Species Used as Biomarker for Heavy Metal and Hydrocarbon Contamination for Cross River, Nigeria 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Enhanced concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd and total hydrocarbons (THC) determined in fish samples from the Cross River system, Nigeria have been associated with clinical defects (nausea, headache, hepatitis, body rashes) observed in coastal residents who are the major consumers of the fish species. Fish samples were collected from ten locations with varying degrees of exposure to human activities. Heavy metal concentrations in fish followed the sequence: Fe>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cd with the highest concentration of 243 g/g (Fe) wet weight occurring in Tympanotonus sp. Fe levels were significantly (P<0.001) higher than other metals analysed. The sequence in total hydrocarbon concentrations according to fish species was in the order of O. niloticus (55.1 g/g) > E. fimbriata > P. elongatus > Portonus sp. > C. nigrodigitatus > Tympanotonus sp. Generally, the demersal species showed a marked potential for tolerating high levels of heavy metals while the pelagic species showed preference for the accumulation of hydrocarbons. The degree of contamination depended on pollutant type, fish species, sampling location, trophic level and their mode of feeding. The persistent accumulation and tolerable potential of Tympanotonus, Portonus and P. elongatus suggest that they might be effectively utilized as self-integrating indicators for time-series monitoring of the rate of recovery of the impacted ecosystem by heavy metals. Possible sources of pollutant include leachates from municipal dumps, used crankcase oils from fluvial discharges (mechanic workshops) and occasional oil spills. 相似文献
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243.
Lizhu Wang John Lyons Paul Kanehi Roger Bannerman Edward Emmons 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(5):1173-1189
ABSTRACT: We compared watershed land‐use and fish community data between the 1970s and 1990s in 47 small streams in southeastern Wisconsin. Our goal was to quantify effects of increasing urbanization on stream fishes in what had been a predominantly agricultural region. In the 43 test watersheds, mean surface coverage by agricultural lands decreased from 54 percent to 43 percent and urban lands increased from 24 percent to 31 percent between 1970 and 1990. Agriculture dominated the four reference watersheds, but neither agriculture (65–59 percent) nor urban (4.4–4.8 percent) land‐uses changed significantly in those watersheds during the study period. From the 1970s to the 1990s the mean number of fish species for the test stream sites decreased 15 percent, fish density decreased 41 percent, and the index of biotic integrity (IBI) score dropped 32 percent. Fish community attributes at the four reference sites did not change significantly during the same period, although density was substantially lower in the 1990s. For both the 1970s and 1990s test sites, numbers of fish species and IBI scores were positively correlated with watershed percent agricultural land coverage and negatively correlated with watershed urban land uses, as indexed by percent effective connected imperviousness. Numbers of fish species per site and IBI scores were highly variable below 10 percent imperviousness, but consistently low above 10 percent. Sites that had less than 10 percent imperviousness and fewer than 10 fish species in the 1970s suffered the greatest relative increase in imperviousness and decline in species number over the study period. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that have found strong negative effects of urban land uses on stream ecosystems and a threshold of environmental damage at about 10 percent imperviousness. We conclude that although agricultural land uses often degrade stream fish communities, agricultural land impacts are generally less severe than those from urbanization on a per‐unit‐area basis. 相似文献
244.
Faith A. Fitzpatrick Barbara C. Scudder Bernard N. Lenz Daniel J. Sullivan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(6):1489-1507
ABSTRACT: The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin the determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and environmental characteristics. Riparian vegetation, geologic, and hydrologic conditions affected the response of biotic metrics to watershed agricultural land cover but the relations were aquatic assemblage dependent. It was difficult to separate the interrelated effects of geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, and base flow. Watershed and buffer land cover, geologic setting, reach riparian vegetation width, and stream size affected the fish IBI, invertebrate diversity, diatom IBI, and number of algal taxa; however, the invertebrate FBI, percentage of EPT, and the diatom pollution index were more influenced by nutrient concentrations and flow variability. Fish IBI scores seemed most sensitive to land cover in the entire stream network buffer, more so than watershed‐scale land cover and segment or reach riparian vegetation width. All but one stream with more than approximately 10 percent buffer agriculture had fish IBI scores of fair or poor. In general, the invertebrate and algal metrics used in this study were not as sensitive to land cover effects as fish metrics. Some of the reach‐scale characteristics, such as width/depth ratios, velocity, and bank stability, could be related to watershed influences of both land cover and geologic setting. The Wisconsin habitat index was related to watershed geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, riparian vegetation width, and base flow, and appeared to be a good indicator of stream quality Results from this study emphasize the value of using more than one or two biotic metrics to assess water quality and the importance of environmental characteristics at multiple scales. 相似文献
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246.
洱海鱼类多样性危机及解危对策 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
洱海原有土著鱼类17种,其中,有8种为洱海所特有。60年代以后土著鱼类逐渐减少,鱼类多样性出现危机。文章论述了50~90年代洱海鱼类的动态变化,分析了鱼类多样性危机的原因,并提出了解除洱海鱼类多样性危机的对策措施。 相似文献
247.
ANDREW D. OLDS ROD M. CONNOLLY KYLIE A. PITT PAUL S. MAXWELL SHANKAR ASWANI SIMON ALBERT 《Conservation biology》2014,28(4):982-991
Conservation focuses on maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but gaps in our knowledge of species biology and ecological processes often impede progress. For this reason, focal species and habitats are used as surrogates for multispecies conservation, but species‐based approaches are not widely adopted in marine ecosystems. Reserves in the Solomon Islands were designed on the basis of local ecological knowledge to conserve bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) and to protect food security and ecosystem functioning. Bumphead parrotfish are an iconic threatened species and may be a useful surrogate for multispecies conservation. They move across tropical seascapes throughout their life history, in a pattern of habitat use that is shared with many other species. We examined their value as a conservation surrogate and assessed the importance of seascape connectivity (i.e., the physical connectedness of patches in the seascape) among reefs, mangroves, and seagrass to marine reserve performance. Reserves were designed for bumphead parrotfish, but also enhanced the abundance of other species. Integration of local ecological knowledge and seascape connectivity enhanced the abundance of 17 other harvested fish species in local reserves. This result has important implications for ecosystem functioning and local villagers because many of these species perform important ecological processes and provide the foundation for extensive subsistence fisheries. Our findings suggest greater success in maintaining and restoring marine ecosystems may be achieved when they are managed to conserve surrogate species and preserve functional seascape connections. Incorporación de Especies Sustitutas y de Conectividad Marina para Mejorar los Resultados de Conservación 相似文献
248.
2012年3月、6月、9月和12月按季度对涪江支流老河沟的14个样点进行了鱼类群落结构调查和分析。共采集鱼类11种,隶属于2目4科;其中,鲤形目鱼类7种,占物种数的63.64%。沿上游源头到下游的纵向梯度方向,老河沟鱼类的种类数和丰度均逐渐增加,具极显著性差异,而鱼类种类数和丰度则无季节差异性。聚类分析(Cluster Analysis)和多维尺度分析(MDS)表明,当Bray-curtis相似度矩阵值为40.77%时,老河沟鱼类群落分成上游、中游和下游3组。利用相似度百分比分析(SIMPER)确定,引起3组差异性的特定鱼类是宽鳍鱲、尖头、似()、齐口裂腹鱼、贝氏高原鳅、红尾荷马条鳅和青石爬鮡。典型相关分析(CCA)表明海拔、底质类型、流速、溶氧、总溶解固体、水温、电导率、河宽、pH值和水深等环境变量是老河沟鱼类群落时空格局差异的影响因子。 相似文献
249.
鄱阳湖子湖“堑秋湖”渔业资源结构特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
"堑秋湖"是广泛存在于鄱阳湖湖区且与鄱阳湖水文节律特征相顺应的一种渔业方式。为了解"堑秋湖"渔获物组成特征及其产量与水位之间的关系,于2011~2013年"堑秋湖"期间对江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的子湖大湖池和沙湖进行了连续3年的渔业调查。2011年,大湖池和沙湖与修河分别相通23d和10d,鄱阳湖属旱涝急转气候;2012年鄱阳湖水势较大,大湖池和沙湖与修河分别相通124d和108d。2013年鄱阳湖再现旱情,大湖池和沙湖均未能与修河连通。2011年渔业调查开展7次,2012年调查9次,2013年调查5次。3a调查累计获得鱼类59种隶属于6目12科43属。3年研究结果表明渔获物以鲤科鱼类为主,在种类上变化不大但优势物种有所改变且渔获物产量呈下降趋势,无度量多维排序结果(MSD)显示鱼类群落在不同年度和子湖间分离明显。经济鱼类的单位捕捞努力量(CPUE)与水位变化的线性回归分析结果表明,2011年经济鱼类产量与当日水位呈正相关性,但2012年和2013年两者的相关性却不明显。 相似文献
250.
水电站鱼类人工增殖放流标记方法研究概述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
鱼类人工增殖放流是缓解水电建设对鱼类资源影响的一个重要措施,也是一项非常复杂的系统工程。标记放流可以帮助人们准确获得鱼类的种群信息,是鱼类增殖放流效果评估的重要手段之一。目前,国内外常用的标记方法主要有体外标记法、体内标记法、自然标记法、化学标记法、生物遥测法、分子遗传标记法,文章介绍了这些标记方法的特点及应用,分析了中国鱼类标记放流方面存在的问题并提出了加强鱼类标记方法的科学研究、采用多种途径对标记鱼类进行回收、建立科学合理的回收体系和加强鱼类回收后研究的建议。 相似文献