Urban Land-Use Influences on Transport of Heavy Metals to Lakes and Concentrations in Fish

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus - To investigate the urban land-useinfluences on transport of heavy metals to lakesand metal concentrations in fish liver (perch andcrucian carp), ten lakes...     

3种刺激性化学战剂对鱼类的急性毒性

采用国际通用鱼种斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)及中国特有鱼种稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocyprisrarus)2种试验生物,对二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂、苯氯乙酮3种化学战剂进行了静态及半静态2种方式的急性毒性测试.结果表明,对于不稳定受试物,半静态试验方式更能满足对浓度的质量控制要求;对于鱼类,这3种化学战剂均属于极高毒性水平;这3种化学战剂对于鱼类的急性毒性程度不同,二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂的毒性在同一水平,其中二苯氯胂毒性略强些,苯氯乙酮较另2种物质的毒性弱一个量级,比较2种鱼类的试验结果得出,稀有鮈鲫与斑马鱼敏感性相似.      

环境激素对鱼的影响

环境激素是存在于环境之中,以某种方式干扰正常内分泌功能的天然或合成的化合物。鱼在水生生态系统之中分布广泛,是在食物链中具有重要位置的物种,在毒理学和生态风险评价中具有重要的实验价值。文中对鱼暴露于一些常见环境激素时,受激素调节的生殖和发育过程所受到的影响及相应机理进行了探讨。同时介绍了鱼应用于水环境中激素的筛选与监测评价的方法。      

Reduced complexity models for regional aquatic habitat suitability assessment

Generalizable methods that identify suitable aquatic habitat across large river basins and regions are needed to inform resource management. Habitat suitability models intersect environmental variables to predict species occurrence, but are often data intensive and thus are typically developed at small spatial scales. This study estimated mean monthly aquatic habitat suitability throughout Utah (USA) for Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus discobolus) with publicly available, geospatial datasets. We evaluated 15 habitat suitability models using unique combinations of percent of mean annual discharge, velocity, gradient, and stream temperature. Environmental variables were validated with observed conditions and species presence observations to verify habitat suitability estimates. Stream temperature, gradient, and discharge best predicted Bonneville Cutthroat Trout presence, and gradient and discharge best predicted Bluehead Sucker presence. Simple aquatic habitat suitability models outperformed models that used only streamflow to estimate habitat for both species, and are useful for conservation planning and water resources decision-making. This modeling approach could enable resource managers to prioritize stream restoration across vast regions within their management domain, and is potentially compatible with water management modeling to improve ecological objectives in management models.     

三峡水库支流小江鱼类早期资源现状

分别于2017年和2018年的5—7月在三峡库区支流小江渠口断面开展鱼类早期资源监测,以了解小江变动回水区鱼类早期资源现状。监测结果表明:共采集到7种产漂流性卵鱼类的鱼卵以及7种仔鱼;采集的鱼卵以似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、银(Squalidus argentatus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)和蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)为主,而仔鱼则以子陵吻虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)为主;不同年份主要产卵活动发生的时间存在差异;小江渠口镇铺溪村至汉丰湖调节坝之间江段共分布集中产卵场3处。小江变动回水区江段是产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场的分布区域,建议加强该江段生境和鱼类资源保护管理。     

Some effect of CuSO4 on carp

Abstract Copper treatment, muscle and liver accumulate a great amount of copper ions. The higher concentration of copper ions in the organism caused an elevated level of metallothionein. Copper induced the synthesis of metallothionein, mostly in the livers. In gel chromatography heat stable low molecular weight protein certain coming from the destruction of high molecular weight proteins could be observed. On the effect of higher copper ion concentration in the liver, the level of the metallothionein bound to copper (as related to total protein bounded to copper) was decreased. This phenomenon shows the weaker affinity of apothionein to copper, compared to other proteins.

Follows copper sulphate treatment, every measured blood serum parameter was changed. GOT activity rose to 130% and the GPT to 300% of control. LDH activity increased, too. According to this, the anaerobic way became preferred in glucose metabolism. On the effect of copper sulphate stress the blood serum glucose concentration was higher than the control value.     

A sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay amplified by biotin–streptavidin system for detecting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen

A sensitive biotin–streptavidin‐amplified enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BA‐ELISA) method was developed for detecting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Compared with traditional ELISA method, the sensitivity of proposed immunoassay was enhanced by the biotin–streptavidin system. Under the optimal condition, the median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 0.25 ng mL^?1, with minor cross‐reactivity to a number of structural analogs. This developed assay was successfully applied to detect the ketoprofen residues in different fish samples, and good recoveries (72.6–105.5%) were obtained. The results indicated that this immunoassay method could specifically detect trace ketoprofen residues and could be widely used for routine monitoring of food samples.     

Terrestrial Reserve Networks Do Not Adequately Represent Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract: Protected areas are a cornerstone of conservation and have been designed largely around terrestrial features. Freshwater species and ecosystems are highly imperiled, but the effectiveness of existing protected areas in representing freshwater features is poorly known. Using the inland waters of Michigan as a test case, we quantified the coverage of four key freshwater features (wetlands, riparian zones, groundwater recharge, rare species) within conservation lands and compared these with representation of terrestrial features. Wetlands were included within protected areas more often than expected by chance, but riparian zones were underrepresented across all (GAP 1–3) protected lands, particularly for headwater streams and large rivers. Nevertheless, within strictly protected lands (GAP 1–2), riparian zones were highly represented because of the contribution of the national Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. Representation of areas of groundwater recharge was generally proportional to area of the reserve network within watersheds, although a recharge hotspot associated with some of Michigan's most valued rivers is almost entirely unprotected. Species representation in protected areas differed significantly among obligate aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial species, with representation generally highest for terrestrial species and lowest for aquatic species. Our results illustrate the need to further evaluate and address the representation of freshwater features within protected areas and the value of broadening gap analysis and other protected‐areas assessments to include key ecosystem processes that are requisite to long‐term conservation of species and ecosystems. We conclude that terrestrially oriented protected‐area networks provide a weak safety net for aquatic features, which means complementary planning and management for both freshwater and terrestrial conservation targets is needed.     

Water Stress Projections for the Northeastern and Midwestern United States in 2060: Anthropogenic and Ecological Consequences

Future climate and land‐use changes and growing human populations may reduce the abundance of water resources relative to anthropogenic and ecological needs in the Northeast and Midwest (U.S.). We used output from WaSSI, a water accounting model, to assess potential changes between 2010 and 2060 in (1) anthropogenic water stress for watersheds throughout the Northeast and Midwest and (2) native fish species richness (i.e., number of species) for the Upper Mississippi water resource region (UMWRR). Six alternative scenarios of climate change, land‐use change, and human population growth indicated future water supplies will, on average across the region, be adequate to meet anthropogenic demands. Nevertheless, the number of individual watersheds experiencing severe stress (demand > supplies) was projected to increase for most scenarios, and some watersheds were projected to experience severe stress under multiple scenarios. Similarly, we projected declines in fish species richness for UMWRR watersheds and found the number of watersheds with projected declines and the average magnitude of declines varied across scenarios. All watersheds in the UMWRR were projected to experience declines in richness for at least two future scenarios. Many watersheds projected to experience declines in fish species richness were not projected to experience severe anthropogenic water stress, emphasizing the need for multidimensional impact assessments of changing water resources.     

Evident but context-dependent mortality of fish passing hydroelectric turbines

Globally, policies aiming for conservation of species, free-flowing rivers, and promotion of hydroelectricity as renewable energy and as a means to decarbonize energy systems generate trade-offs between protecting freshwater fauna and development of hydropower. Hydroelectric turbines put fish at risk of severe injury during passage. Therefore, comprehensive, reliable analyses of turbine-induced fish mortality are pivotal to support an informed debate on the sustainability of hydropower (i.e., how much a society is willing to pay in terms of costs incurred on rivers and their biota). We compiled and examined a comprehensive, global data set of turbine fish-mortality assessments involving >275,000 individual fish of 75 species to estimate mortality across turbine types and fish species. Average fish mortality from hydroelectric turbines was 22.3% (95% CI 17.5–26.7%) when accounting for common uncertainties related to empirical estimates (e.g., handling- or catch-related effects). Mortality estimates were highly variable among and within different turbine types, study methods, and taxa. Technical configurations of hydroelectric turbines that successfully reduce fish mortality and fish-protective hydropower operation as a global standard could balance the need for renewable energy with protection of fish biodiversity.