浑太河鱼类群落多样性及生境适宜性量化分析

以辽宁浑太河为范例,评价物种、多样性水平和功能群组成3种群落结构特征下,鱼类群落与栖息地环境因子的定量响应关系.结果表明：流速、BOD₅、氨氮、电导率和底质指数是显著影响浑太河鱼类群落空间分布的栖境因子;鲫等耐污种的氨氮和电导率的最适值和正响应阈值较高,洛氏鱥和东北七鳃鳗等适应较高的流速和底质指数,东北七鳃鳗的最适流速为0.59m/s;多样性水平的栖境因子最适值和阈值随香农多样性指数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,（2-3）区间的电导率最适值最大,为378.07μS/cm;杂食性功能群鱼类对BOD₅、氨氮和电导率有较高的最适值和正响应阈值,其最适值分别为1.20mg/L、0.63mg/L和383.37μS/cm.定量分析鱼类群落与栖境因子的关系,为开展重要鱼类物种保护、生物多样性恢复以及关键栖息地的生境修复等流域生态管理决策提供基础数据和科学依据.     

黑龙江省穆棱河流域鱼类物种多样性研究

2015年5月、7月及10月对穆棱河流域的鱼类种类和分布进行了野外调查,设置鱼类采样点28个.确定穆棱河水域共有鱼类46种,隶属于5目11科,其中鲤形目,有31种,占鱼类总种数的68.89%;其次是鲑形目,含有5种;鲶形目和鲈形目均含4种;而七鳃鳗目仅含一种.穆棱河流域的全年平均综合污染指数、鱼类物种多样性指数Shannon-Wiener、Pielou均匀度指数及Margalef丰富度指数分别为I=1.10、H'=1.97、J'=0.36、D=1.16.穆棱河水质全年整体呈现中污或重污.典范对应分析结果表明,三个季节影响鱼类物种的水环境因子各不相同,春季pH值、COD_Mn、DO、Fe³⁺、TN、ORP;夏季Fe³⁺、ORP、TN、pH值、TD;秋季WT、NO₂^--N、COND、NO₃^--N.     

Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Fish from Western U.S. and Alaskan National Parks — Spatial Distribution and Health Thresholds

Remote national parks of the western U.S. and Alaska are not immune to contaminants of emerging concern. Semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) such as pesticides and PCBs can selectively deposit from the atmosphere at higher rates in cold, high‐elevation and high‐latitude sites, potentially increasing risk to these ecosystems. In the environment, SOCs magnify up food chains and are known to increase health risks such as cancer and reproductive impairment. One hundred twenty‐eight fish in 8 national parks in Alaska and the western U.S. were analyzed for contaminant concentrations, assessed by region, and compared to human and wildlife health thresholds. SOC concentrations from an additional 133 fish from a previous study were also included, for a total of 31 water bodies sampled. PCBs, endosulfan sulfate, and p,p′‐DDE were among the most frequently detected contaminants. Concentrations of historic‐use pesticides dieldrin, p,p′‐DDE, and/or chlordanes in fish exceeded USEPA guidelines for human subsistence fish consumers and wildlife (kingfisher) health thresholds at 13 of 14 parks. Average concentrations in fish ranged from 0.6‐280 ng/g lipid (0.02‐7.3 μg/g ww). Contaminant loading was highest in fish from Alaskan and Sierra Nevada parks. Historic compounds were highest in Alaskan parks, while current‐use pesticides were higher in the Rockies and Sierra Nevada. This study provides a rigorous analysis of CECs in fish from national parks and identifies regions at potential risk.     

KOH活化鱼鳞基生物炭的制备及其对VOCs的高效吸附去除研究

以废弃生物质罗非鱼鱼鳞为原料,用 KOH一步炭化活化法制备了鱼鳞基多孔生物炭,并借助 XRD、SEM、FTIR及 Boehm等方法对所制备生物炭的孔隙结构、形貌特征及表面化学性质进行表征 .结果表明：650 ℃条件下制备的生物炭（FSBC-1）表面含有最多的含氧基团,其中酚羟基含量为 0.3102 mmol·g^-1,而 850 ℃条件下制备的生物炭（FSBC-3）具备最高的比表面积(3370 m²·g^-1)和孔容(1.91 cm³·g^-1). 静态吸附实验表明,所制备生物炭对非极性分子甲苯的吸附过程符合 Langmuir模型,而 n-layer BET 模型能更好地描述材料对极性分子丙酮的吸附 .298 K条件下,FSBC-3 对 3 kPa 甲苯的吸附量高达 12.75 mmol·g^-1,对 20 kPa 丙酮的吸附量达 16.74 mmol·g^-1. 动态吸附实验和机理分析表明,对于低浓度VOCs,所制备生物炭对非极性分子甲苯的穿...     

Design trade-offs in rights-based management of small-scale fisheries

Small-scale fisheries collectively have a large ecological footprint and are key sources of food security, especially in developing countries. Many of the data-intensive approaches to fishery management are infeasible in these fisheries, but a strategy that has emerged to overcome these challenges is the establishment of territorial user rights for fisheries (TURFs). In this approach, exclusive fishing zones are established for groups of stakeholders, which eliminates the race to fish with other groups. A key challenge, however, is setting the size of TURFs—too large and the number of stakeholders sharing them impedes collective action, and too small and the movement of target fish species in and out of the TURFs effectively removes the community's exclusive access. We assessed the size of 137 TURFs from across the globe relative to this design challenge by applying theoretical models that predict their performance. We estimated that roughly two-thirds of these TURFs were sized ideally to overcome the challenges posed by resource movement and fisher group size. However, for most of the remaining TURFs, all possible sizes were either too small to overcome the resource-movement challenge or too large to overcome the collective action challenge. Our results suggest these fisheries, which target mobile species in densely populated regions, may need additional interventions to be successful.     

A review of recent developments in lake modelling

This paper reviews the lake models published the last five years, mainly in Ecological Modelling. The review shows that structurally dynamic modelling and coupling between hydrodynamic and ecological models are applied increasingly. A number of processes that have not been included in lake models before have been proposed. It has been shown that these additional processes in specific case studies are significant, for instance the competition between phytoplankton and macrophytes or cyanobacteria growth and growth of mussels. It is recommended to study these models for the development of models for case studies where these processes are relevant.     

The Distribution and Impacts of Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Taiwan Er-Jen River

Abstract

The distribution and impacts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Taiwan Er-Jen River were investigated by monitoring fish distribution and measuring PCDD/DFs and PCBs levels in sediment and fish samples. Most of the fish collected are pollution-resistant species such as Oreochromis spp, Liza macrolepsis, Channa spp and Megalops cyprinoides. the most polluted river sections are in the upstream where large amount of waste effluents from households, livestock rearing and nearby dumping sites were discharged into the river, and the lower reaches of the river where metal recovery activities including open burning of waste electrical wire/scrap occurred. Sediment samples collected near the burning site show 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQ) ranging from 0.014 to 14.2 ng g^?1 by PCDD/DFs and from 0.015 to 1.03 ng g^?1 by coplanar PCBs (Co-PCBs). the fish samples show TEQ ranging from 0.029 to 0.615 ng g^?1 by PCDD/DFs and from 0.012 to 0.12 ng g^?1 by Co-PCBs. Possible PCDD/DFs sources are discharged PCBs, open burning of waste wire/scrap, and pentachlorophenol. the consumption of these fish will cause an average intake of 54 pg kg^?1 d^?1 TEQ. the prevention of direct discharge of livestock and the dumping of waste effuents into River Er-Jen as well as the control of metal recovery activities appears to be the first step toward the restoration of River Er-Jen.     

Selenium content of rice,mixed plant foods and fish from Bangladesh

Static and dynamic adsorption studies of Co (II) ions have been undertaken at fixed pH and ionic strength taking binary biopolymeric beads of cross-linked calcium alginate and carboxy methylcellulose as biosorbents. The adsorption data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations and various static parameters were calculated. The dynamic nature of adsorption process was quantified in terms of several kinetic constants such as rate constants for adsorption (K) and Lagergreen rate constant (K _ad). The influence of various experimental parameters such as solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, and temperature, the presence of salts and chemical composition of biopolymeric beads were investigated on the adsorption of cobalt ions.     

Histology of Sculpin spp. in east Greenland. I. Histological measures

There is inadequate morphological nomenclature and definition of organ pathology when using wild fish in biomonitoring of environmental pollution. The aim of this investigation was to provide a guide that assesses histology of Shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and Fourhorn (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) sculpins obtained from a study using these two fish species as bioindicator organisms to evaluate environmental impact attributed to a dumpsite located in East Greenland. Specific histopathological lesions were quantified on the basis of Bernet et al. and all lesions were photomicrographed, evaluated, and placed into specific categories of five reaction patterns. These were circulatory disturbances, regressive changes, progressive alterations, inflammation, and tumors based on anatomical location, type, and severity. This method is postulated to enable an objective assessment of the histological integrity of fish gills and liver; thus, making it possible to compare sculpin pathology and reaction patterns at different locations. Data suggest that this updated histological guide might be used for identification and quantification of histological lesions when applying sculpins in biomonitoring programs in Greenland and other Arctic regions.     

Total petroleum hydrocarbon burden in fish tissues from the Arabian Gulf

The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and lipid contents have been reported for eight commercially important fish species from the Arabian Gulf. GC-FID has been used as quantification technique. Out of the species analyzed, Scarus ghabon showed the highest level of TPH (7.4 ± 3.2 µg g^?1) in the muscle tissue followed by Epinephelus tauvina (6.8 ± 3.6 µg g^?1). Except for E. microdon (4.8 ± 2.1 µg g^?1), all other fish species showed a similar level of TPH concentration. Significant correlations were obtained between lipid contents and TPH levels in the muscles of the fish. Body weight of the fish was also found to be strongly correlated with TPH concentration in the muscle tissue. There is a tendency of accumulating higher TPH in the winter season as compared to in the summer season.