金鱼(Carassius auratus L.)对水中游离态铅的吸收积累及鳃分泌粘液的自身保护作用

研究了金鱼（ Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓａｕｒａｔｕｓ Ｌ．） 在铅暴露实验中的铅吸收过程及鱼鳃分泌物的自身保护作用、水相Ｐｂ２＋ 的鳃吸收机理以及分泌粘液对铅的络合作用．结果表明，金鱼因铅暴露导致粘液分泌量增加．结合到鳃上的铅与水相Ｐｂ２＋ 活度关系可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ 吸附等温式表述．据此估算的最大结合量为０－９４２４ ｍ ｍｏｌ／ｋｇ（干重） ．非常接近１ 的Ｈｉｌｌ 常数（１－０１２）说明金鱼鳃上仅有一种类型的Ｐｂ２＋ 结合位点．平均每尾金鱼鳃上Ｐｂ２＋ 的结合位点数达１－６２ ×１０－ ５ ｍ ｍｏｌ，结合的条件稳定常数（ｌｏｇ ＫＰｂ鳃） 为４－８ ．血液铅含量与鳃铅含量间呈显著线性关系．金鱼吸收Ｐｂ２＋ 的主要过程为：Ｐｂ２＋ 结合到鳃上，其后被动扩散或载体转运穿过鳃上皮，进入血液循环．     

鱼组织中多环芳烃的测定

研究了鱼体中２－５环多环芳烃的分析方法，方法包括皂化，萃取，氧化铝柱色谱分组、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ－２０凝胶色谱净化，以及气相色谱和高效液相色谱方法分离测定，其方法对多环芳烃的添加回收率在６０％之间，检测限为０．１ｐｐｂ。应用本方法测定了北京地区两个鱼样体内多环芳烃的含量。     

金鱼(Carassius auratus L.)对水中游离态铅的吸收积累及鳃分泌粘液的自身保护作用

研究了金鱼在铅暴露实验中的铅吸收过程及鱼鳃分泌物的自身保护作用，水相Ｐｂ＾２＋的鳃吸收机理以及分泌粘液对铅的络作用。结果表明，金鱼因铅暴露导致粘液分泌量增加。结合到鳃上的铅与水相Ｐｂ＾２＋活度关系可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式表述。     

Use of Central Stonerollers (Cyprinidae: Campostoma anomalum) from Tennessee as a Bioindicator of Metal Contamination

We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth dilution.     

Assessment of elemental contaminants in water and fish samples from Aba river

The elemental contaminants in water and fish samples from Aba river were studied. The elements studied were Zn, Ni, As, Hg, Co and Mn. Three water samples and three samples of different fish species were collected from different locations in the river. The water and fish samples were analysed for elemental contaminants using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The elemental toxicants Zn and Mn were identified in appreciable amounts in fresh fish species namely, Lates niloticus and Oriochronis niloticus, of mean values 8.012 ppm and 0.861 ppm, respectively. The analysis also shows arsenic concentration of mean value 0.01 ppm in Lates niloticus. The analysis of frozen fish samples purchased from the Waterside market located near the river shows Ni and Hg levels of mean values 0.83 ppm and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The levels of elemental contaminants As, Zn, Hg and Mn from the water samples have mean values 0.082 ppm, 11.284 ppm, 0.201 ppm and 1.024 ppm, respectively. There are five industries that discharge waste products into Aba river. In view of this, there is a need to determine the level of pollution of the river, since the inhabitants depend on the river for their drinking water, fishing and other domestic uses. This study is aimed at determining the level of heavy metal toxicants in fish and water samples from the river. The effect of these elemental contaminants and the associated health hazards were examined.     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼肉中铍和铊

探讨了鱼肉中铍、铊的测定方法。样品用硝酸-硫酸消解,溴水氧化,聚氨酯泡塑吸附富集消解液中铊,消解液中铍不被吸附,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铍和铊,结果满意。     

鱼贝植物组合对上海白莲泾生态修复效应研究

将鱼、贝、植物组合成3种浮岛生态系统,对上海市黄浦江支流白莲泾污染治理和生态修复,效果明显。结果表明:银纹金线蒲+鲢鳙鱼+三角帆蚌组合对总氮去除率60.7%,总磷去除率43.7%,高锰酸盐去除率35.0%,叶绿素-a降低38.2%;血草+鲢鳙鱼+三角帆蚌组合对总氮去除率55.2%,总磷去除率37.2%,高锰酸盐指数去除率42.5%,叶绿素-a降低44.3%;菖蒲+鲢鳙鱼+三角帆蚌组合对总氮去除率55.1%,总磷去除率29.7%,高锰酸盐指数去除率28.3%,叶绿素-a降低26.0%。总体上,3种浮岛生态系统能将水体总磷从Ⅲ类达到至Ⅱ类;总氮从劣Ⅴ类达到至Ⅳ类;高锰酸盐指数从Ⅳ类达到至Ⅲ类。鱼、贝、植物组合的浮岛生态系统生态效应优于单一生物因子的生态效应,该系统内生物多样性较丰富,生长良好,生态景观性明显。     

粤东柘林湾海域人工鱼礁投放前海水环境质量分析与评价

2007年9月丰水期间对广东省饶平县柘林湾附近海域七星礁和虎屿2个拟建人工鱼礁区海水环境质量进行了调查分析,分别采用水质单项标准指数法、综合污染指数WQI法、富营养化评价法和有机污染评价法对该海域海水环境质量进行了比较分析和评价.结果表明:该调查海域海水中主要污染物为石油类和重金属Pb,平均浓度分别为0.075 mg/...     

Methane emissions and related physicochemical soil and water parameters in rice–fish systems in Bangladesh

Lowland rice fields constitute a semi aquatic environment, which is potentially suitable for fish production. Little is known about the effect of fish on greenhouse gas emissions from integrated rice–fish systems. An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University to assess the effect of the stocking of fish on methane emissions from rice fields. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) were stocked in a mixed culture and subjected to three different input regimes: (1) urea fertilization according to the recommendation of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), (2) supplementary feeding at 2 × maintenance level and (3) an elevated feeding schedule where 4 × maintenance level was fed initially and 2 × maintenance level towards the end of the growth period. Rice only with urea fertilization according to BRRI-recommendation was included as the control. The presence of fish increased methane emissions in all three rice–fish treatments. Average emission over the cropping season was 34, 37, and 32 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the rice–fish treatments, respectively, and 20 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in rice only. Apart from an increase in methane emission, a significant drop (p < 0.05) in floodwater pH and dissolved oxygen concentration was observed in the rice–fish plots. Both parameters were the lowest in the treatment where a higher feeding rate was provided. Due to the fish activity, floodwater in the rice–fish treatments was more turbid, as reflected in higher particulate inorganic matter (PIOM). An elevated level of dissolved methane was observed in the floodwater of the feed supplemented rice–fish plots. Methane emissions showed negative correlation with morning and afternoon pH of the floodwater (r = −0.46; r = −0.56, p < 0.001) and morning and afternoon dissolved oxygen level (r = −0.53; r = −0.46, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were recorded between morning and afternoon floodwater temperature (r = 0.49; r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and with air temperature (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the stocking of fish has an increasing effect on methane emissions from rice fields.     

化工废水对鱼的一致性及灵敏度的响应

运用不同鱼种的急性毒性试验对东北三省具有代表性的化工行业中五种企业污染源排放口水样进行监测,按照工业废水试验方法（鱼类的急性毒性测试）研究了化工废水对于敏感鱼毒性效应。研究结果表明：化工行业废水对不同鱼种均有一定的毒性,随着实际废水暴露浓度的增加,鱼死亡率呈明显的上升趋势,且呈现一定的梯度。同一浓度不同企业的水样,鱼的存活率不同,但有一定的抑制现象。在选取的化工行业中,以不同鱼种作为受试生物的生物毒性大小排序为：吉化1〉吉化2〉吉化3〉吉化4〉吉化5。