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991.
On Developing Bioindicators for Human and Ecological Health 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Risk assessors and risk managersgenerally either examine ecological health (usingbioindicators) or human health (using biomarkers ofexposure or effect). In this paper we suggest thatit is possible and advantageous to developbioindicators that can be used to assess exposureand effect for both human and non-human receptors. We describe the characteristics of suitablebioindicators for both human and ecological health,using mourning doves (Zenaida macroura),raccoons (Procyon lotor), and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as examples, and list thegeneral characteristics of other species that wouldmake them useful indicators for assessing both humanand ecological health. Bioindicators can beused cross-sectionally to assess the status ofecosystems and risk as well as longitudinally formonitoring changes or evaluating remediation. Forboth human and ecological risk assessment, there arethree sets of characteristics to consider whenselecting bioindicators: biological relevance,methodological relevance, and societal relevance. An indicator which fails to fulfill these is notlikely to be considered cost-effective and is likelyto be abandoned. The indicator should be readilymeasured and must measure an important range ofimpacts. For long-term support of a bioindicator,the indicator should be easily understood, and becost effective. We suggest that bioindicators thatcan also be used for both ecological and humanhealth risk assessment are optimal. 相似文献
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为了评估化学 生物絮凝处理上海合流污水在技术上的可行性 ,使用聚合氯化铝 (PAC)絮凝剂 ,由于整合了化学与生物的作用 ,在相同絮凝剂投加量条件下 ,化学 生物絮凝工艺比单纯的化学絮凝工艺对污染物的去除率要高 .该工艺提供了高效的处理 ,在满足出水标准的前提下使污水厂建设占地大幅度减少 .在优化的运行条件下 ,CODCr、TP和SS的去除率分别为70 %、6 2 8%和 88% .通过对 8个模拟系统的耗氧实验证明了化学 生物絮凝处理工艺中生物作用的存在 ,从理论上解释了工艺高效的原因 相似文献
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The united membrane biological reactor(UMBR) was studied for the treatment of some simulate and municipal wastewater. The removal efficiency for COD and turbidity are greater than 80% and 99% respectively. Effluent COD is less than 100 mg/L while turbidity less than 5. The removal of LAS in bath wastewater is greater than 70%. In treatment of dinning-hall wastewater, removal of fatty oil is greater than 90%, and its concentration in effluent is less than 5 mg/L. The match of biological reactor and the membrane separation component were calculated. The stable performance of wastewater treatment can be maintained by the optimization of operation conditions and the eleanout of membranes. 相似文献
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David Wainhouse Tristram Wyatt Alun Phillips David R. Kelly Mehrdad Barghian Paul Beech-Garwood David Cross Rex S. Howell 《Chemoecology》1991,2(1):55-63
Summary Adults of the predatory beetleRhizophagus grandis are strongly attracted to both adult and larval frass of its specific prey,Dendroctonus micans, in walking bioassays. Spruce bark and resin are relatively unattractive. Solvent extracts of larval frass that were attractive toR. grandis adults in a flight wind tunnel contained a mixture of monoterpenes of host plant origin. A synthetic mixture of these monoterpenes, (+)—-pinene, (–)—-pinene, -phellandrene,dl limonene and 3-carene, was responsible for 70–80% of the activity of the most attractive extract. We suggest that a blend of monoterpenes in frass acts as a kairomone forR. grandis but that attraction to monoterpenes is only the first of a sequence of behavioural responses that ensures successful host location and identification. 相似文献
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生活废水生物除磷工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了生活废水生物除磷工艺的基本原理以及目前国内流行的几种除磷方法,并且探讨了生物除磷的影响因素,对新工艺做了假想。 相似文献