射频爆磁压缩发生器磁通损失问题分析

在介绍射频爆磁压缩发生器优点及脉冲产生原理的基础上,对射频爆磁压缩发生器能量转换效率低的主要原因——磁通损失问题进行了详细分析.指出趋肤深度、跳匝问题、电击穿是射频爆磁压缩发生器磁通损失的主要原因.对趋肤深度、跳匝现象、电击穿产生的原因进行了分析,给出了这些现象对射频爆磁压缩发生器磁通影响的数学公式.最后提出了降低这些...     

高空风场对某飞行器级间分离影响研究

目的研究高空风场对飞行器飞行时级间分离的影响。方法建立飞行器分离模型,仿真计算飞行器分离时下面级的横移距离、两个关键部件之间的间隙。结果在最低飞行条件风速34 m/s时,下面级横移距离和两个关键间隙均满足设计条件。在仿真计算风速40 m/s条件下,下面级横移距离、两个关键部件间隙均满足设计要求,因此最低飞行条件风速可放宽至40 m/s。在最大风速45 m/s时,三个值均超出了设计值,有可能会对分离造成影响。结论高空风对飞行器级间分离存在一定影响,随着高空风风速的增加,面级的横移距离和两个关键部件之间键间隙随之增加。     

毛竹林地磷素流失特征研究

通过在四岭水库流域代表性毛竹林地设置定位径流小区,研究不同施肥条件下毛竹林地磷素流失状况.该定位试验设有对照(CK,不施肥),农民常规高产栽培(FFP)与适地养分科学管理(SSNM)3个处理.结果表明,在2009年6月～2010年2月这9个月的监测期内,各次自然降雨条件下毛竹林地表径流中总磷(TP)平均浓度为0.59 ...     

Turnover and loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of food wastes

Few people have so far explored into the research of the dynamics of various nitrogenous compounds (including water-soluble nitrogen) in composting of food wastes. This study aimed to investigate the solid-phase nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, nitrogen loss together with ammonia volatilization in the process of food wastes composting. A laboratory scale static aerobic reactor in the experiment was employed in the composting process of a synthetic food waste, in which sawdust was used as the litter amendment. In the experiment, oxygen was supplied by continuous forced ventilation for 15 days. The results have shown that the concentrations of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen decrease significantly in the composting process, whereas NH₄ ⁺-N concentration increases together with little fluctuation in NO₃ ⁻-N. After composting, the total content of the water-soluble nitrogen compounds in the compost greatly increased, the total nitrogen loss amounted to 50% of the initial nitrogen, mainly attributed to ammonia volatilization. 56.7% of the total ammonia volatilization occurred in the middle and late composting of the thermophilic stage. This suggested that the control at the middle and late composting of thermophilic stage is the key to nitrogen loss in the food waste compost. __________ Translated from Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 29(12): 54–56, IV–V [译自: 环境科学与技术]     

Loss coefficient of nitrogenous non-point source pollution under various precipitation conditions

In this study, calibrations of non-point source (NPS) pollution models are performed based on Black River basin historical real-time runoff data, sedimentation record data, and NPS sources survey information. The concept of NPS loss coefficient for the watershed or the loss coefficients (LC) for simplicity is brought up by examining NPS build-up and migration processes along riverbanks in natural river systems. The historical data is used for determining the nitrogenous NPS loss coefficient for five land use types including farmland, urban land, grassland, shrub land, and forest under different precipitation conditions. The comparison of outputs from Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and coefficient export method showed that both methods could obtain reasonable LC. The high Pearson correlation coefficient (0.94722) between those two sets of calculation results justified the consistency of those two models. Another result in the study is that different combinations of precipitation condition and land use types could significantly affect the calculated loss coefficient. As for the adsorptive nitrogen, the order of impact on LC for different land use types can be sorted as: farm land > urban land > grassland > shrub land > forest while the order was farmland > grass land > shrub land > forest s>urban land for soluble nitrogen. __________ Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(3): 392–397 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

略论耕地库兹涅茨曲线在我国的适用性

耕地流失是经济发展过程中的一个重要问题,对耕地流失与经济增长的库兹涅茨曲线假说进行分析,以说明耕地库兹涅茨曲线的适用性。选取上海、浙江、江苏、海南、宁夏、河北、河南7省市作为研究区域,根据近20多年来的耕地流失面积与人均GDP统计数据以及产业结构变动情况,结合部分国内学者的研究结果,对耕地库兹涅茨曲线假说进行了验证。研究结果表明,虽然有部分省市符合耕地流失与经济增长的倒U型规律,但是耕地库兹涅茨曲线假说并不具有普遍性。不同的地区、不同的经济发展阶段,耕地流失面积变化具有不同的特点,应该严格保护耕地,控制经济增长的速度,注重提高经济增长的质量与效益,完善耕地保护的政策措施,促进国民经济持续、稳定、健康发展。〖     

A/O＋硅藻强化新工艺在中小型城镇污水处理中的应用总结

采用A/O＋硅藻精土强化工艺水处理技术对城市生活污水进行处理,工程运行结果表明,处理后的废水能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（18918-2002）一级A标准。与其它生物处理工艺相比,有其独特的优点。该工艺已成功地应用于永城市污水处理中心,并获得2008年国家重点环境保护实用技术示范工程。而生物浮动床（MBBR工艺）＋硅藻精土强化工艺是在此基础上的改进,并已成功地应用于污水处理。     

抚仙湖尖山河小流域山地典型地类非点源污染特征与分析

通过在尖山河小流域建立径流场.在自然降雨条件下采集水样,检测分析地表径流中各污染物的浓度,研究自然状态下和人为干扰下山地不同地类污染物的输出量,探讨高原湖泊山地非点源污染的特征与规律.研究结果表明:研究区内各地类产流量的关系是坡耕地>人工林>灌草丛>次生林,各地类产沙量大小关系是坡耕地>人工林>次生林>灌草丛,产流量与降雨量相关性更为显著;次生林、坡耕地、灌草丛、人工林4种土地类型产流的总无机氮输出量平均值分别为0.94 mg·m-2、19.70mg·m-2、1.74 mg·m-2、17.22 mg·m-2,总磷平均值分别为0.32mg·m-2、3.58 mg·m-2、1.12 mg·m-2、2.85 mg·m-2;产沙过程中单位面积水解氮输出量平均值为0.41 mg·m-2、7.17 mg·m-2、0.89 mg·m-2、0.23 mg·m-2,速效磷平均值为0.04 mg·m-2、1.14 mg·m-2、0.03 mg·m-2、0.02 mg·m-2;产流过程中输出的污染物大于产沙过程中的输出量,尖山河小流域农业非点源污染控制应以控制产流污染物为主.