火电站污水处理厂最佳投药量优化试验研究

火电厂污水水质和水量变化较大,絮凝剂和助凝剂投药量准确与否决定去除效率和运行成本,本研究针对火电厂实际运行情况,通过静态和动态实验,比较去除效率。根据水质和水量的变化,找到最佳投药量,为污水处理厂的最佳运行提供了参考依据。     

Al3+离子掺杂对负载TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

以钛酸丁酯和Al2(SO4)3·18H2O为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法在钛片、玻璃、釉面瓷砖、陶瓷、不锈钢和铝片六种载体上制备了Al3+掺杂TiO2薄膜,讨论了不同Al3+掺杂浓度下,不同载体表面上制备的TiO2薄膜对甲基橙脱色率的影响。试验结果表明Al3+对TiO2薄膜的掺杂效果与载体的类型密切相关,并且不同载体其Al3+掺杂的最佳浓度也不同。Al3+掺杂后,TiO2薄膜光催化活性提高最大的是玻璃,其次是釉面瓷砖、铝片、钛片、陶瓷,最差的是负载不锈钢。     

污染黑土中重金属的形态分布与生物活性研究

通过对污染和清洁黑土的耕层、非耕层分层采样分析,比较了Cd,Pb,Cu和Zn等在同一土壤耕层和非耕层以及不同采样点土壤中的形态分布和生物活性.结果表明,无污染黑土中这些重金属的形态分布一般为:残渣态>有机结合态>铁锰结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,外源污染则使可交换态重金属的含量增加.以生物有效性系数和迁移系数进行重金属生物活性评价,其在黑土中生物活性大小的顺序为:Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb.污染愈严重的土壤,重金属的生物活性和自身的淋溶能力相对较强,在非耕层中也表现出较高的生物活性.综合重金属在土壤中的含量和生物活性,发现2个污染点的黑土中Cd和Pb对当地农业生产和地下水安全已构成潜在的威胁.     

高活性絮凝剂产生菌群的构建、培养及应用研究

从筛选到的絮凝剂产生菌中构建出能比单一菌群产生更高絮凝活性的复合菌群——复合菌群1（BAFRT4＋CYGS1）．为降低复合菌群1的培养成本,尝试用啤酒废水替代葡萄糖作为培养基中的碳源和能源并获得成功．在优化培养条件下,复合菌群1所产MBF的絮凝活性达96.8％．复合菌群1所产MBF对靛蓝印染废水有良好的处理效果,最大CODCr去除率和脱色率分别达79．2％和87．6％．     

The use of physiological characteristics for comparison of organic compounds phytotoxicity

The influence of intact (FLT) and photomodified (phFLT) fluoranthene (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol l⁻¹) and herbicide Basagran (5, 20, 35 and 50 nmol l⁻¹) on the germination, growth of seedlings and photosynthetic processes in pea plants (Pisum sativum L., cv. Garde) was investigated. The germination was significantly inhibited already by the lowest concentration (0.05 μmol l⁻¹) of FLT and phFLT, while Basagran caused inhibition only in higher concentrations (35 and 50 nmol l⁻¹). The growth of roots was significantly inhibited by higher concentration 5 μmol l⁻¹ of both FLT and phFLT and the shoot of seedlings was significantly influenced only by photomodified form. The length of root and shoot was inhibited already by concentration 5 nmol l⁻¹ of Basagran. Organic compounds applied on chloroplasts suspension influenced primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis. In chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the significant increase of F₀ values and the decrease of F_V/F_M and Φ_II values by application of FLT (0.5 and 5 μmol l⁻¹) and phFLT (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol l⁻¹) was recorded. The maximum capacity of PSII (F_V/F_M) was influenced by the highest (50 nmol l⁻¹) and the effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_II) already by the lowest (5 nmol l⁻¹) concentration of Basagran. Hill reaction activity decreased and was significantly inhibited by higher concentration (0.5 and 5 μmol l⁻¹) of FLT and phFLT and already by the lowest concentration (5 nmol l⁻¹) of Basagran.     

Assessment of population exposure to particulate matter pollution in Chongqing, China

To determine the population exposure to PM(10) in Chongqing, China, we developed an indirect model by combining information on the time activity patterns of various demographic subgroups with estimates of the PM(10) concentrations in different microenvironments (MEs). The spatial and temporal variations of the exposure to PM(10) were illustrated in a geographical information system (GIS). The population weighted exposure (PWE) for the entire population was 229, 155 and 211 microg/m(3), respectively, in winter, summer and as the annual average. Indoor PM(10) level at home was the largest contributor to the PWE, especially for the rural areas where high pollution levels were found due to solid fuels burning. Elder people had higher PM(10) exposure than adults and youth, due to more time spent in indoor MEs. The highest health risk due to particulate was found in the city zone and northeast regions, suggesting that pollution abatement should be prioritized in these areas.     

大玉竹低聚糖硫酸酯抗HSV-2病毒活性的研究

从传统中药大玉竹中提取低聚糖Ｐｏｏｓ,用吡啶－氯磺酸法制备了它的硫酸酯衍生物Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ,产物经红外鉴定,证实Ｐｏｏｓ硫酸酯化后羟基连上硫酸基,硫含量为８．４７％,取代度（Ｄｓ）为０．６体外实验研究了Ｐｏｏｓ、Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ对非洲绿猴肾细胞（Ｖｅｒｏ）的细胞毒怀和抗单纯疱疹病毒２型（ＨＳＶ－２）活性。结果表明,Ｐｏｏｓ和Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ都无细胞毒性。Ｐｏｏｓ本身无抗病毒活性,对ＨＳＶ－２引起的细胞病变和     

Influence of the zebra mussel and fish fry on structural and functional characteristics of microorganisms in experimental ecosystems

The interactions of zebra mussels, invertebrates, fish, and microorganisms were studied experimentally. Trends in the distribution of total bacterial biomass, the abundance of heterotrophic organisms, and their functional activities in water and grounds were analyzed. The most favorable conditions for development of bacteria developed in June, in the presence of fish and without zebra mussels. In experimental ecosystems with zebra mussels, a decrease in the abundance and activity of microorganisms and a change of dominant yeast forms were observed.     

Effects of ecological factors on the diurnal activity rhythm of Yakutian black-capped marmots (Marmota camtschatica bungei) in the arctic

It is established that the activity of marmots (the genusMarmota) on the surface is timed to the daylight period. In the Arctic, under conditions of continuous illumination (the polar day), the diurnal rhythm of black-capped marmotsMarmota camtschatica bungei on the surface has a “daylight” pattern. The main external regulator of the diurnal rhythm is the altitude of the sun above the horizon. In the cold period, however, the effect of air temperature on animal activity becomes stronger.     

水稻专用叶面喷剂对水稻幼苗生长的影响

用水稻专用叶面喷剂喷施水稻秧苗,1670~2500mg/L浓度处理可改善秧苗素质,控制株高,秧苗粗壮,假茎宽,干物质增多,促进分蘖．5000mg/L浓度处理抑制秧苗生长．水稻专用叶面喷剂可提高秧苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性．