陕京二线输气管道工程场地区域地壳活动性与地质灾害

陕京二线是继陕京一线之后陕西天然气进京的又一条长输管道。管线横贯陕西、山西、河北三省,直到北京市,全长约851 km。该工程对调整沿线各省市的燃料结构与产业结构,进一步改善首都北京的大气环境质量,为 2008年北京成功举办“绿色、环保奥运”,具有深远的意义。陕京二线大部分线路区域地震地质构造十分复杂,地质灾害类型多样,对管道工程和人民生命财产安全潜在危害严重,查明线路的工程地质条件和各类地质灾害,并采取相应治理措施,对于管道顺利建设和安全营运十分重要。     

膜载Fe~(3+)/TiO_2光催化降解4-氟苯甲酸的研究

用自制半导体纳米Fe3+/TiO2玻璃薄膜,在高压汞灯下进行了光催化降解4-氟苯甲酸的研究。结果表明,反应光强、催化剂用量、pH值、溶解氧含量等反应条件改变对光催化降解效率具有显著的影响,光催化降解4-氟苯甲酸反应为一级动力学方程。     

The effects of managerial and employee attributions for corporate social responsibility initiatives

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) can affect employees, we know little about how it affects them. Employees' interpretation of CSR is important because of the paradoxical nature of CSR. When firms operate in ways that seem counter to their nature (i.e., pursuit of social good rather than profit), the causal attributions of affected employees are crucial to understanding their work‐related behavior, as is the role of contextual factors such as leadership processes in shaping these attributions. Drawing from attribution and social learning theories, we develop a multilevel social influence theory of how CSR affects employees. We integrate managers as second observers in the baseline actor (i.e., firm)—observer (i.e., employee) dyad, whereas most attribution theory research has focused on single actor–observer dyads. Multisource field data collected from 427 employees and 45 managers were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Managers' genuine (self‐serving) CSR attributions are positively related to employees' genuine (self‐serving) CSR attributions; and the strength of the relationship between managers' and employees' genuine CSR attributions depends on managers' organizational tenure. Employees' genuine CSR attributions also are positively related to employee advocacy, whereas—interestingly—employees' self‐serving CSR attributions do not appear to harm employee advocacy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Degradation of kanamycin from production wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices by hydrothermal treatment

It is known that many kinds of fermentative antibiotics can be removed by temperature-enhanced hydrolysis from production wastewater based on their easy-to-hydrolyze characteristics. However, a few aminoglycosides are hard to hydrolyze below 100°C because of their stability expressed by high molecular energy gap (ΔE). Herein, removal of hard-to-hydrolyze kanamycin residue from production wastewater by hydrothermal treatment at subcritical temperatures was investigated. The results showed the reaction temperature had a significant impact on kanamycin degradation. The degradation half-life (t_1/2) was shortened by 87.17-fold when the hydrothermal treatment temperature was increased from 100°C to 180°C. The t_1/2 of kanamycin in the N₂ process was extended by 1.08-1.34-fold compared to that of the corresponding air process at reaction temperatures of 140-180°C, indicating that the reactions during hydrothermal treatment process mainly include oxidation and hydrolysis. However, the contribution of hydrolysis was calculated as 75%-98%, which showed hydrolysis played a major role during the process, providing possibilities for the removal of kanamycin from production wastewaters with high-concentration organic matrices. Five transformation products with lower antibacterial activity than kanamycin were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. More importantly, hydrothermal treatment could remove 97.9% of antibacterial activity (kanamycin EQ, 1,109 mg/L) from actual production wastewater with COD_Cr around 100,000 mg/L. Furthermore, the methane production yield in anaerobic inhibition tests could be increased about 2.3 times by adopting the hydrothermal pretreatment. Therefore, it is concluded that hydrothermal treatment as a pretreatment technology is an efficient method for removing high-concentration hard-to-hydrolyze antibiotic residues from wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices.     

大靖河径流变化特征及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应

流域径流变化及其影响因素的研究对流域水资源的可持续开发利用以及改善流域的生态环境具有重要意义。以大靖河流域1956—2016年水文气象数据为基础,分析了近61 a来大靖河径流的年内、年际变化特征,并定量评估了气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的影响。结果表明：大靖河径流年内分配不均,主要集中在7—10月,占全年径流的60.98%;1956年以来大靖河径流以1.1×10⁵ m³?a^?1的速率递减,Hurst指数为0.69,表明大靖河径流在未来一段时间将继续呈递减趋势;大靖河径流存在4个震荡周期,分别为2—5 a、8—13 a、17—24 a及35—45 a左右,降水的震荡周期（8—13 a、17—24 a及35—47 a）与径流周期具有较好的一致性;气候变化对大靖河径流减少的贡献率为4.7%,人类活动的贡献率为95.3%,这可能与研究区土地利用方式变化有关。     

盐度对硝酸细菌活性的影响及动力学特性

为分析盐度对硝酸细菌（NOB）活性的影响及其动力学特性,本文采用高浓度亚硝态氮污水富集培养NOB.对NOB富集污泥进行荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）分析表明Nitrobacter占细菌总数的（81%±6%）.污泥的最大比亚硝态氮氧化速率为（42.5±0.9）mgN/（gVSS·h）.用此污泥考察了盐度对NOB活性的影响,并测定了盐度为10g/L时NOB的动力学参数（Ko、K_S）.结果表明,与盐度为0g/L时的NOB活性相比,盐度为15g/L时NOB活性降低了3.3%;盐度为10和20g/L时的NOB活性分别降低了11%.盐度为10g/L时,NOB的最大比亚硝态氮氧化速率为（37.9±0.7）mgN/（gVSS·h）,氧的半饱和常数K_o值为（1.51±0.06）mg/L,底物（亚硝态氮）半饱和常数K_S值为（6.06±0.15）mg/L,Ko、K_S测定值均高于ASM2模型中氨氧化细菌（AOB）推荐值.盐度对NOB的抑制降低了最大比亚硝态氮氧化速率,对氧传递和底物（亚硝态氮）传递均存在影响.     

CANON生物膜载体储存及活性恢复研究

采用不同活性恢复手段研究了短期低温（20d,15℃）储存及常温（25℃）低负荷运行后,CANON-MBBR反应器的活性恢复效果.结果显示,CANON悬浮载体经短期低温储存后,通过先恢复温度后缓慢提高进水负荷的方式可使其TN去除负荷恢复率达到102%.若在温度未恢复的基础上直接将进水负荷提升至原水平运行,CANON悬浮载体生物膜将无法维持正常的EPS含量而易发生脱膜现象,致使TN去除负荷恢复率仅为84%.另外,系统有一定基质浓度的基础上,经过25d常温（25℃）低负荷SBR运行后,通过同样的恢复手段可使TN去除负荷恢复率达到96%.通过微生物菌群分析,确定CANON-MBBR系统中功能微生物优势菌属分别为Nitrosomonas和Candidatus Kuenenia,采取合适的恢复手段使系统进入稳定运行阶段后,两者丰度均可分别达到11%以上及27%以上,且悬浮载体脱膜并未对微生物组成造成明显影响.     

Ce改性Mn系催化剂结构及低温催化活性影响研究

采用浸渍法制备了Ce改性负载型Mn系TiO 2催化剂,考察了Ce负载量、反应温度等因素对催化剂效率以及选择性的影响,利用扫描电镜、氮气物理吸附(N 2-TPD)等表征手段分析了Ce/TiO 2催化剂催化活性影响机理。结果表明:改性催化剂在Ce/Ti摩尔比为0.08的条件下表现出最佳的脱硝效率及NO选择性;MnCe(0.08)Ti催化剂在180℃条件下的脱硝效率超过85%,而N 2 O体积分数仅为24×10-6(47.1 mg/m 3);Ce的加入优化了催化剂表面的孔隙结构,比表面积与和孔容积分别达到121.11 m 2/g、1.71 cm 3/g;MnCe(0.08)Ti催化剂在210℃通入体积分数为300×10-6(857.1 mg/m 3)的SO 2和8%的水蒸气,连续运行180 h过程中的脱硝效率均可保持在80%以上,具有良好的抗硫性和稳定性。     

唐山市柴油货车活动水平研究

利用2043台柴油货车的车载诊断系统监测数据和3套道路遥感监测数据分析唐山市柴油货车活动水平特征,并评估春节和不同管控措施对市内柴油货车活动水平的影响.结果表明：唐山市轻、中和重型柴油货车日均启动4.7、4.3和10.8次·d^-1,年均行驶里程分别为（5.2±3.6）×10⁴、（6.3±4.2）×10⁴和（8.9±4.5）×10⁴ km·a^-1,百公里油耗分别为（14.9±2.7）、（16.5±1.8）和（57.3±24.2）L·100 km^-1.柴油货车主要在唐山市内的非中心区域行驶.春节期间监测车辆在唐山市的行驶里程明显下降,遥感监测本地柴油货车流量下降82.0%.重污染预警期间,非中心区域重型柴油货车的管控措施效果较好,中心城区柴油货车日均行驶里程和行驶车辆数,以及港区柴油货车流量均出现不降反升,建议完善重污染期间中心城区的柴油货车管控措施,以及适度加强港区柴油货车管控.     

二氯苯醌对斑马鱼胚胎发育及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌（2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone,2,6-DCBQ）作为一种新型消毒副产物,因其高检出率及高含量的特点而备受人们关注.本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为实验材料探究了2,6-DCBQ的发育毒性.结果发现：斑马鱼胚胎在8~24 hpf（器官发育形成时期）对2,6-DCBQ暴露最为敏感,死亡率最高;2,6-DCBQ安全浓度为27.15 μg·L^-1,属于极度危险外源化学物.在本实验中,2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼的生长没有显著影响,但高浓度（100和150 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会显著增加斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的畸形率.在实验过程中还发现,高浓度（≥ 80 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎的心率.此外,≥ 30 μg·L^-1 2,6-DCBQ可提高超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）的活性,并影响Cu/ZnSOD和MnSOD的正常转录.本研究较全面地探究了2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的发育毒性,可为2,6-DCBQ的毒性研究提供可靠证据.