安全是一切生产活动的基本前提

从抓安全生产的必要性和迫切性入手,着重分析了安全生产的实践中存在的诸多问题,提出了有针对性的解决问题的建议,对安全生产工作有一定的借鉴意义。     

Biodegradation of Methoxychlor and Its Metabolites by the White Rot Fungus Stereum hirsutum Related to the Inactivation of Estrogenic Activity

The white rot fungus Stereum hirsutum was used to degrade methoxychlor [2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] in culture and the degraded products were extensively determined. The estrogenic activity of the degraded products of methoxychlor was examined using cell proliferation and pS2 gene expression assays in MCF-7 cells. S. hirsutum showed high resistance to methoxychlor 100 ppm, and the mycelial growth was fully completed within 8 days of incubation at 30°C. Methoxychlor in liquid culture medium was gradually converted into 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethane, 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethylene, and 1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, indicating that methoxychlor is dominantly degraded by dechlorination and dehydrogenation. MCF-7 cells were demonstrated to proliferate actively at the 10^?5 M concentration of methoxychlor. However, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by the incubation with methoxychlor culture media containing S. hirsutum. In addition, the expression level of pS2 mRNA was increased at the concentration (10^?5 M) of methoxychlor. The reductive effect of S. hirsutum for methoxychlor was clear but not significant as in the proliferation assay.     

日地环境对人类自发攻击性事件的影响

考察了日地空间物理环境扰动与人类自发攻击性群体性事件发生率之间相关性。统计分析发现，两者之间的相关程度很高，历元叠加后相关系数可达０．８４和０．７９、这表明日地空间物理环境对人类攻击性本能和情绪具有显著的调节作用，导致全球自发攻击性群体事件年发生率具有１１ａ准周期波动特征。其作用机制可能是地磁场活动和大气温度的影响。     

黑龙滩水库水体生态系统酶活力及其生态学意义研究

本文黑龙滩水库水体生态系统中脲酶与磷酸酶活力及其与多种水质参数之间的关系进行了研究，结果表明：（１）酶活力与水质，水温变化呈出现一致的动态变化规律。（２）黑龙滩水库水体中脲酶来源与水生生物关系不大，而磷酸酶主要来自浮游植物和水生细菌。（３）水体中脲酶活力受水中总氮浓度瓣影响，而磷酸酶活力不受水中磷酸盐的抑制。     

Screening of wood rotting fungi potentially useful for the degradation of organic pollutants

Many papers have shown that white rot fungi can degrade aromatic pollutants under laboratory conditions, but few report field scale trials. Here we report the first steps in the development of a remediation system for Greek conditions. A review of the available organochlorine compound pollution information in Greece is presented. White rot fungi isolated from sites in Greece have been screened for growth rate and ligninolytic activity, using decolourisation of the dye Poly R-478 as an indicator of enzyme activity. Use of white rot fungi under field conditions in Greece will require bioaugmentation to be effective at high temperatures and low water activity for much of the year. The most potent strains have been selected under a range of conditions and have been challenged with priority pollutants to determine their degradative ability under laboratory conditions and subsequently ex situ in soil.     

Bioremediation of Soil Degraded by Sewage Sludge: Effects on Soil Properties and Erosion Losses

Soils in the Mediterranean area are very prone to erosion due to the loss of organic matter and the consequent lack of protective vegetation. In this experiment a Mediterranean degraded soil with a 15% slope was amended at a rate of 250 t ha^–1 wet weight with sewage sludge and with a mixture of sewage sludge and barley straw (70% carbon from sewage sludge and 30% from the straw) in order to study their influence on soil structure recovery and hence the soilss resistance to erosion processes. Both types of organic amendment led to an improvement in several soil properties (physical, biological, and microbiological) as a result of the spontaneous growth plant covering that became evident three months after amendment. This vegetation remained throughout the two years of the experiment and prevented the water erosion processes that normally precede soil degradation. Amendment by sewage sludge alone reduced soil loss by 80% compared with the control soil, while the mixture that included both sewage sludge and barley straw reduced losses by 84%, both reducing runoff by 57%. The amended soils showed increases in the percentage of stable aggregates, the levels of the total and water-soluble C fractions, microbial biomass C, basal respiration, and the activity of the different enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P. The results confirm the usefulness of sewage sludge as an organic amendment for recovering damaged soils.     

Habitat function of agricultural soils as affected by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination

Ecotoxic activity of soils polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals (HM) was evaluated in pot and laboratory experiments. Plants and soil microorganisms were chosen as test organisms and six different soil materials were used in the study. The applied levels of HM and PAH were aimed to reflect environmental conditions in the "worst case" situation. Zn(2+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) were introduced to the soils as an aqueous solution of the mixture of salts at the concentrations corresponding to 1000, 500 and 3 mg kg(-1), respectively. Mixture of four PAH compounds (flourene, anthracene, pyrene and chrysene) as a CH(2)Cl(2) solution was applied at levels of 10-100 mg summation operator 4PAH kg(-1). Population and activity of soil microflora was evaluated as measured of total bacteria counts, intensity of respiration and enzyme activity (dehydrogenases and phosphatases). Effect on plants was evaluated on the base of the growth (plant at an early stage of their development) and yield (mature plant) measurements. The results indicate that combined effect of PAH and heavy metals on soil microorganisms activity and on some plants at an early stage of their development can be stronger than in soils amended with HM or PAH separately. Reaction of tested organisms was related to soil properties, PAH concentration, time and plant species. Mature plants (maize) were insensitive to the applied levels of both group of contaminants.     

Spatial Distribution of Animals and Variation in Their Trophic Activity Measured Using the Bait-Lamina Test in Sod-Podzolic Soil under a Spruce Forest

The mode of spatial distribution of soil animals and their trophic activity was studied in the sod-podzolic soil under a spruce forest. At the test point level, no apparent relationship between the distribution of soil animals and physicochemical characteristics of the soil was observed. The patterns of distribution of detritophages and the trophic activity (measured using the bait-lamina test) were similar. The perforation of laminae in the bait-lamina test resulted from the trophic activity of both micro- and mesofauna.     

Soil resource availability impacts microbial response to organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen inputs

Impacts of newly added organic carbon （C） and inorganic nitrogen （N） on the microbial utilization of soil organic matter are important in determining the future C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. We examined microbial responses to cellulose and ammonium nitrate additions in three soils with very different C and N availability. These soils included an organic soil（ 14.2% total organic C, with extremely high extractable N and low labile C）, a forest soi1（4.7% total organic C, with high labile C and extremely low extractable N）, and a grassland soil（1.6% total organic C, with low extractable N and labile C）. While cellulose addition alone significantly enhanced microbial respiration and biomass C and N in the organic and grassland soils, it accelerated only the microbial respiration in the highly-N limited forest soil. These results indicated that when N was not limited, C addition enhanced soil respiration by stimulating both microbial growth and their metabolic activity, New C inputs lead to elevated C release in all three soils, and the magnitude of the enhancement was higher in the organic and grassland soils than the forest soil. The addition of cellulose plus N to the forest and grassland soils initially increased the microbial biomass and respiration rates, but decreased the rates as time progressed. Compared to cellulose addition alone, cellulose plus N additions increased the total C-released in the grassland soil, but not in the forest soil. The enhancement of total C- released induced by C and N addition was less than 50% of the added-C in the forest soil after 96 d of incubation, in contrast to 87.5% and 89.0% in the organic and grassland soils. These results indicate that indigenous soil C and N availability substantially impacts the allocation of organic C for microbial biomass growth and/or respiration, potentially regulating the turnover rates of the new organic C inputs.     

全球变暖 夏季变凉

气候变化历来为人类所重视。近几十年来频繁而强烈的气候异常 ,已使人们认识到超极限地使用自然资源和气候资源、无所顾忌地排放各种污染物给人类带来的灾难。文章在总结、分析前人对未来气候变化的各种理论的基础上 ,根据影响气候的各因子及反馈关系的研究 ,提出未来世界气候变化的总体趋势是 :全球变暖 ,夏季变凉 ,气候异常将更加剧烈和频繁