黄河三角洲不同植物群落土壤酶活性特征及影响因子分析

土壤酶是滨海湿地群落构建和演替的关键因子,但水盐胁迫条件下土壤酶活性的驱动机制尚不明确.以黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬、芦苇、柽柳这3种盐生植物群落为对象,研究其根际与非根际土壤中蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性特征及其分布规律,并结合土壤理化性质的变化探讨滨海湿地群落演替过程中土壤酶活性的驱动因子.结果表明,盐地碱蓬、芦苇、柽柳群落的根际土壤酶活性和土壤肥力指标均显著高于非根际土壤(P <0. 05).在根际土壤中,磷酸酶与过氧化氢酶活性均表现为盐地碱蓬<芦苇<柽柳,蔗糖酶与脲酶活性则分别表现为柽柳<盐地碱蓬<芦苇、盐地碱蓬<柽柳<芦苇,且不同盐生植物群落根际土壤理化性质存在显著差异(P <0. 05),说明植物类型及其根际效应均会影响土壤酶活性和土壤肥力特征,且根际效应对土壤酶活性的影响大于植被类型.土壤蔗糖酶活性与有效钾(AK)、有效磷(AP)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)显著正相关(P <0. 05);脲酶活性与全氮(TN)、有机质(SOM)、AK、AP、NH₄     

Den Ecology of the Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus beringensis (Carnivora,Canidae) on Bering Island,Commander Islands

The spatial distribution of 33 Arctic fox dens on Bering Island was studied, and a relationship between the burrowing activity of Arctic foxes and the pattern of vegetation near their dens was revealed. This activity was shown to change the structure of the plant cover, with the degree of change depending on the type of biotope.     

Specific Cytogenetic Characteristics of Pinus cretaceae and Pinus sylvestris

A comparative cytogenetic study has been performed in four populations of two pine species, Pinus cretaceae Kalen. and P. sylvestris L., growing on sandy and chalky substrates in Voronezh and Belgorod oblasts. Significant differences in the parameters of mitotic and nucleolar activities, as well as the rate and spectrum of mitotic pathology, between populations of P. cretaceae and P. sylvestris and between populations of P. cretaceae growing under different conditions have been found. Populations of P. sylvestris growing on sandy and chalky substrates differ from each other in nucleolar activity. These differences may be adaptive and reflect the characteristic metabolic patterns and biological plasticity of pines growing under specific conditions.     

黄河三角洲变迁与新构造活动

本文从黄河三角洲的变迁特征,分析了新构造活动在黄河三角洲变迁过程中的作用,并预测了黄河三角洲的发展趋势。     

Effects of copper, manganese and pH on the growth and several enzyme activities of mycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum Fr.

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六种农药对固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)固氮酶和吸氢酶活性的影响

本文研究了6种化学农药对植物根际和根表固氮微生物固氮螺菌(A.brasilense)的固氮酶和吸氢酶活性的影响。实验采用半固体培养基并分别加入不同浓度的农药,还设有加苹果酸钠和不加苹果酸钠两种处理。结果表明,农药对固氮螺菌两种酶活性的作用可分为三种类型:具明显的抑制作用(如六六六和二氯苯醚菊酯)、具刺激作用(如水胺硫磷和灭线磷)和加苹果酸钠时有刺激作用(如速灭杀丁和溴氰菊酯)。     

中国东南部古构造格局与中生代岩浆活动的成因联系雏议

本文以构造沉积学资料为依据,论述了中国东南部的古构造格局及构造演化,并根据基底构造格局和板块运动方式,提出了中国东南部中生代岩浆活动与大陆碰撞有内在联系的成因机制论,并认为岩浆活动的时空演化及岩浆系列与板块碰撞的方式和时序密切相关.     

大庆30万吨乙烯工程废水的特点及对策

通过对实验数据的分析、总结出大庆３０万ｔ乙烯工程废水具有有机污染物成分复杂、浓度高、波动大，可生化性强等特点，并进一步阐明在多年的生产实践中总结出的稳定并提高污水处理场运行效果的对策。稳定曝气池进水水质、均衡曝气池ＢＯＤ污泥负荷，保持并提高污泥活性。     

Underestimated contribution of fugitive emission to VOCs in pharmaceutical industry based on pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk assessment

Fugitive emission has been becoming an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in pharmaceutical industry, but the exact contribution of fugitive emission remains incompletely understood. In present study, pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk of stack and fugitive emissions of VOCs from four functional units (e.g., workshop, sewage treatment station, raw material storage and hazardous waste storage) of three representative pharmaceutical factories were investigated. Workshop was the dominant contributor to VOCs of fugitive emission in comparison with other functional units. Extreme high concentration of VOCs from fugitive emission in unsealed workshop (94.87 mg/m³) was observed relative to sealed one (1.18 mg/m³), accounting for 31% and 5% of total VOCs, respectively. Fugitive emission of VOCs in the unsealed workshop mainly consisted of n-hexane, 1-hexene and dichloromethane. Odorous activity indexes and non-cancer hazard ratios of these VOCs from fugitive emission in the unsealed workshop were as high as that from stack exhaust. Furthermore, cancer risk of dichloromethane from fugitive emission and stack exhaust was up to (1.6-1.8) × 10⁻⁵. Odorous activity or health risk index of the VOCs from fugitive emission was up to 13 or 11 times of the corresponding threshold value, posing remarkable health threat on pharmaceutical workers. Our findings highlighted the possibly underestimated contribution of fugitive emission on VOCs in the pharmaceutical industry.     

重组酵母测评系统对环境样品雌激素活性的检测

采用重组酵母测评系统对香烟烟雾溶液和汽车尾气提取物分别进行雌激素活性的测定.结果显示在受试浓度下,PBS烟雾溶液和DMSO烟雾溶液的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比均无显著性差异(P>0·05).汽油燃料车尾气在600mL·mL-1时,其酵母菌液OD600明显低于DMSO对照组(P<0·05);在150mL·mL-1剂量时,汽油燃料车尾气所检出的β-半乳糖苷酶活性为44·56,与DMSO对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0·05),当剂量增加至300mL·mL-1,酶活性升高为66·43,约为对照组的12倍,其它各剂量组酶活性与DMSO对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0·05);甲醇燃料车尾气的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比无显著性差异(P>0·05).提示汽油燃料车尾气具有弱雌激素活性,甲醇燃料车尾气和香烟烟雾溶液未检出雌激素活性.