基于模糊层次分析法的民用机场安全风险管理

以某一民用机场为例,基于"人-机-环境-管理"的系统工程理论,分析该机场影响飞行安全的各影响因素。利用三角模糊数来表征专家判断信息,构造三角模糊数互补判断矩阵。依据模糊层次分析法,对各影响因素进行单排序和总排序,得到其重要性的排序。模糊层次分析法可以更加客观地描述专家判断的模糊性,并且计算过程简单。基于模糊层次分析法的安全风险管理不仅能够客观地评估民航的安全状态,而且对于有重点地改善民用机场安全有着积极的作用。     

基于非结构模糊决策的中国药品安全管理体系研究

基于安全管理理论和中国药品管理实践,通过专家意见和社会调查,确定中国药品安全管理的要素和决策标准;运用非结构模糊决策方法确定中国药品安全管理中各重要要素的权重,从而探索中国药品安全管理体系;对体系的不同要素进行排序。研究表明:影响中国药品安全管理的主要要素有,安全交易、许可制度、药品利润率、可追溯体系、药物警戒、应急管理;决策标准是,成本、经济水平、硬件条件、从业人员素质、消费者观念;重要性排序是,可追溯体系、许可制度、药物警戒、应急管理、安全交易、药品利润率。药品安全管理体系的建立和要素排序为政府监管提供了科学依据。     

A fuzzy analytic network process for multi-criteria evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) has been proposed to incorporate interdependence and feedback effect in the prioritization of remedial countermeasures using a hierarchical network decision model, but this approach seems to be incapable of capturing the vagueness and fuzziness during value judgment elicitation. The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method using a fuzzy ANP (FANP) approach to address this shortcoming. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) and their degree of fuzziness are used in the semantic scale as human judgment expressed in natural language is most often vague and fuzzy. The method employs the alpha-cuts, interval arithmetic and optimism index to transform the fuzzy comparative judgment matrix into set of crisp matrices, and then calculates the desired priorities using the eigenvector method. A numerical example, which was drawn from a real-life case study of an uncontrolled landfill in Japan, is presented to demonstrate the process. Results from the sensitivity analysis describe how the fuzziness in judgment could affect the solution robustness of the prioritization method. The proposed FANP approach therefore could effectively deal with the uncertain judgment inherent in the decision making process and derive the meaningful priorities explicitly from a complex decision structure in the evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures.     

Fuzzy pricing for urban water resources: model construction and application

A rational water price system plays a crucial role in the optimal allocation of water resources. In this paper, a fuzzy pricing model for urban water resources is presented, which consists of a multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model and a water resources price (WRP) computation model. Various factors affecting WRP are comprehensively evaluated with multiple levels and objectives in the multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model, while the price vectors of water resources are constructed in the WRP computation model according to the definition of the bearing water price index, and then WRP is calculated. With the incorporation of an operator's knowledge, it considers iterative weights and subjective preference of operators for weight-assessment. The weights determined are more rational and the evaluation results are more realistic. Particularly, dual water supply is considered in the study. Different prices being fixed for water resources with different qualities conforms to the law of water resources value (WRV) itself. A high-quality groundwater price computation model is also proposed to provide optimal water allocation and to meet higher living standards. The developed model is applied in Jinan for evaluating its validity. The method presented in this paper offers some new directions in the research of WRP.     

基于模糊逻辑理论的应急决策冲突程度表示方法研究

针对突发灾害事故应急决策过程中的冲突问题,提出1种应急决策冲突程度的表示方法,将应急决策冲突定量表示出来。基于模糊逻辑理论对应急决策冲突进行模糊评价;通过构建“大多数”的模糊函数,确定冲突程度的表示路径;根据冲突与一致性的相对关系,对“一致性程度”的模糊函数进行改造,构建“冲突程度”的模糊函数,并通过冲突程度的计算过程,得到最终的冲突程度;结合应急决策冲突实际,划分冲突等级,并确定其取值范围。研究结果表明:基于模糊逻辑理论的应急决策冲突程度表示方法充分利用了应急决策专家的决策偏好信息,实现了应急决策冲突程度的定量表示。     

石化行业泄漏检测与修复评估指标体系的建立与应用

泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)是国际上通用的减少石化行业VOCs无组织排放的技术方法。在对天津市60套石化化工装置进行LDAR核查评估及专家咨询的基础上,将层次分析法(AHP)与模糊综合评价法(FCE)相结合,建立了一个4层次24个指标的评估指标体系,通过AHP确定指标权重,利用FCE进行模糊综合评分。以甲、乙两石化企业为例进行LDAR评估指标体系的验证,结果表明,该指标体系评估结果与实际LDAR核查评估结果一致,具有良好的实际应用价值。     

Treating design uncertainty in the application of Eco-indicator 99 with Monte Carlo simulation and fuzzy intervals

In incremental eco-design improvements, design engineers attempt to modify an existing product via some eco-design measures to reduce the product’s environmental impacts (e.g. reduction of material usage and energy consumption). In this process, several design concepts can be proposed, and concept selection is required to allocate resources sensibly to promising design concepts only. In this context, the research purpose is to estimate the environmental impacts of each concept given the uncertainty of design information. In the proposed methodology, the fuzzy interval arithmetic is used to specify and propagate imprecise design information. Then, the centroid concept is applied to model different views of imprecision (i.e. pessimistic, balanced and optimistic) associated with fuzzy impact assessment. Accordingly, a decision scheme is developed to support concept selection and suggest the potential areas for further eco-design improvements. A coffee maker is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Also, the Monte Carlo Simulation is applied for the same example to compare the numerical outcomes by the fuzzy interval approach.     

不同空间尺度下危化品运输路径优化

为了解决化工园区危化品运输路径优化问题,研究了化工“园区间”与“园区内”2种空间尺度下危化品运输的影响因素差异性,提出以最小化运输阻抗、最小化运输风险和最小化风险敏感度为优化目标的不同空间尺度下危化品运输路径优化模型。通过目标量化确定每条路径上的目标值,将标准化后的目标值引入到Dijkstra算法和集成目标函数最优折衷路径的扩展标号法中,对危化品运输多目标优化模型进行求解。研究结果表明:不同空间尺度下的危化品运输最优路径不同,应根据危化品运输的实际情况对运输路径进行选择。最后,以平顶山某化工园区的抽象路网为例对优化模型进行验证。     

群链产业合作模式下“京津冀”区域水资源优化配置研究

产业间的合作在不同区域中呈现出不同的形式,这会导致基于其建立的水资源合作联盟形式各异,进而会影响区域内合作水资源的整体收益。为优化"京津冀"区域内的水资源配置,本文基于产业合作的群链模式机理和模糊联盟博弈思想,提出了一种具有三阶段结构的"京津冀"区域水资源配置模式。在第一阶段,以满足"京津冀"区域居民生活用水需求并兼顾产业间的水资源配置公平为目标,通过构建水资源一次配置模型,进行区域内各用水主体间的一次配置;在第二阶段,针对"京津冀"区域内产业间合作的群链结构,分析产业间进行水资源模糊合作博弈可能出现的模糊联盟形式,进而构建出水资源二次配置模型以实现水资源收益(效率)最大化,二次配置模型采用"优先规则"建立各水资源合作模糊联盟的支付函数,将"京津冀"区域内所有产业用水主体在第一阶段配置中获得的水资源按一定比率配置到各联盟中;在第三阶段,考虑模糊联盟的稳定性,采用模糊shapley值法对第二阶段配置后各模糊联盟的收益分配给产业用水主体。本文运用算例对上述水资源配置模式的有效性进行了验证。算例分析结果显示:(1)"京津冀"区域内各产业间合作关系为群链模式时,各产业通过形成多种形式的水资源合作模糊联盟,获得比其单独利用水资源时更高的用水收益;(2)京津冀区域内各产业的总体用水收益也高于各产业单独利用水资源时的总用水收益。即本研究中的水资源配置模式有效。因此,该水资源配置模式可为产业合作关系为群链模式的区域,在进行产业间水资源优化配置时提供决策参考。     

南淝河表层水中重金属空间分布、污染评价及来源

根据南淝河丰水期和枯水期水质的调查数据,采用单因子水质指数法和改进后的模糊综合评价法对水中重金属元素的污染进行了评价,确定了主要污染因子和优先控制断面,并利用主成分分析法对重金属污染进行了溯源分析。结果表明:Cr、Cu、Pb的含量平均值均为枯水期高于丰水期,而As、Cd的含量平均值均为枯水期低于丰水期。单因子水质指数法评价结果显示南淝河重金属污染的主要污染因子是Cd,丰水期和枯水期各采样点Cd的含量均达到地表水Ⅴ类水标准,最高值达到地表水Ⅴ类标准值的2.6倍。改进后模糊综合评价法评价结果显示南淝河水质丰水期基本属于地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类水标准,潜山北路大桥断面污染最严重,属于优先控制断面,枯水期各断面水质均属于Ⅲ类水标准,整体上南淝河水质达到了水体功能区目标。主成分分析法结果显示,南淝河重金属污染的主要来源是流域内的农药化肥、机械制造和电镀行业的废水以及河道的行船。