纠偏检测控制技术在起重视上的应用

本文分析桥门式起重机大车运行机构啃轨的原因,提出运用纠偏检测控制技术。结合先进的PLG控制和变频调试技术、PID控制器以及现场总线通讯技术等,取代传统的电气控制方式,减少桥门式起重机中大车的啃轨现象,提高设备的安全使用性能,减少设备的故障率,降低维护成本和维修工作量,同时操作简单、运行可靠,具有节能等效果。     

松花江哈尔滨段城市水环境质量评价

为了科学地对松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量进行评价,基于水环境功能区划,采用灰色关联度法将其分为4个区域,运用主、客观相结合的方法分区域建立相应的评价指标体系,使用模糊综合评价法进行水质评价,同时,验证指标体系构建的合理性.结果表明:构建的指标体系能够反映研究对象水环境质量;除阿什河口内水质评价结果为V类,达不到水环境功能区划要求外,其他区域水质均能达标.研究结果将有利于促进水资源的科学管理和有效利用,研究方法可为水环境质量评价提供新的思路.     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin,China

The water supply network （WSN） system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.     

Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of metal contamination of water and sediments in Ondo Estuary,Nigeria

A more reliable methodology for evaluating metal contamination of coastal water and sediments using fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) is presented by this study. Ten metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were investigated in water and sediments from ten sampling sites and formulated into fuzzy matrix based on three contamination classifications of pristine, moderately enriched and extremely impacted categories using regulatory limits as criteria. The products of the matrices from membership function of the observed data and the weight matrices generate indices that classify the degree of metal impact on the sites. The results of the FCA show that the estuary is negatively impacted by metals in a range of 45.5–75.1% membership in the extremely impacted category with potential adverse effects on the ecosystem of the neighbouring Atlantic Ocean. The crude oil exploration activity at site 1 is the major source input of the metals beside Fe and Mn which are natural to the geological structure of the area while domestic waste discharges contribute notably to metal contamination in some sites.     

高精度三维地下微震台网模糊优选方法

针对贵州开阳磷矿东翼矿区井下微震监测系统台网布置方案的优选问题,基于国 内外学者在台网优化布置时所选参数指标,对微震监测台网在建设、运行和维护阶段的 需求进行分析,确定多个台网布置方案的静态、动态和定量、非定量指标构建综合评价 指标体系。通过熵权法给出各评价指标的客观权重向量,基于模糊数学原理建立模糊综 合评判模型,对初选出的五个台网布置方案进行分析,求解出各方案的综合优越度,最 终确定并推荐方案二（综合优越度为0.796）为最优方案。模糊综合评价模型能够较准 确地确定适用于矿山需求的微震监测台网方案,对矿山微震监测系统的建设具有指导意 义。     

基于U-D分解的卡尔曼滤波法在地下水污染源识别中的应用

采用U-D分解的方法对常规卡尔曼滤波进行改进,以提高反演结果的有效性和可靠性.借助假想算例,引入模糊集合理论,将污染羽以模糊集的形式表示,利用U-D分解的卡尔曼滤波方法不断更新复合污染羽,通过复合污染羽和单个污染羽间模糊集的对比更新潜在污染源权重,进而达到真实污染源位置识别的目的.算例结果表明该方法与常规卡尔曼滤波方法相比具有更高的可靠性和有效性,能更好的达到污染源位置识别的目的.     

模糊综合评价在实验室安全管理评价中的应用

由于高校和科研部门中的实验室安全隐患多、运行管理复杂,故对应的安全管理评价指标和方法难以确定。模糊综合评价方法是解决影响因素多、评价指标复杂问题的常用方法。通过总结和研究高校实验室安全管理的特点,对多个实验室进行实地考察,并在听取专家意见的基础上,建立实验室安全管理评价指标体系,结合层次分析法确定了各指标的权重。通过专家打分得到综合评价矩阵,采用基于加权平均算子的模糊数学方法得到实验室安全管理评价的结果集。将该方法应用于某实验室的安全管理评价,分析得出安全管理中的薄弱环节,为采取有效的风险预控措施提供了一定的理论依据。     

AHP与模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用对比

以对比研究层次分析法和模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用特征,并探究两者综合应用的可能性为目的,以自然地理、地质环境、工程地质条件及环境保护为评价标准,对广州市4个拟建填埋场进行了适宜性评价。在层次分析法确定的权重值的基础上,利用模糊评判法进行计算,最终确定兴丰填埋场为最佳场地,评价结果与实际应用情况相符。另外,通过对比分析发现,在参数选择与定量化方面,模糊评判法评价结果的准确性更高,而层次分析法的计算工作量较少;在评判结果的适用性方面,层次分析法的评判结果与实际相符性程度更高。研究表明,两种方法结合起来应用于垃圾填埋场的选址是可行的,且可提高评判结果的准确度。     

多因素耦合的加工车间关键风险因素定量分析

为了准确分析加工车间关键风险因素,考虑多风险因子交互影响的情境,提出了一种基于模糊决策实验室分析法的加工车间关键风险因素定量分析方法。首先,从人员、设备、环境、物料和管理因素等5个维度辨识加工车间风险因素并建立风险因素集;基于此,采用三角模糊数对专家判断语义进行表征,然后运用DEMATEL法计算多因素耦合下的风险重要度,从而确定加工车间的关键风险因素。最后,以安徽省某机械加工车间为例,说明所提出方法的应用过程。结果表明,加强对安全制度和安全文化建设等关键风险因素的控制,有助于加工车间的风险控制,改善车间生产安全。     

人员密集场所安全标识有效性实例评估

为改善人员密集场所易造成拥挤踩踏的问题,对安全标识现场管控人群的有效性进行研究讨论,选取了4个典型人员密集场所的安全标识布设方案进行评估。首先用模糊德尔菲法建立了评价指标体系,然后用层次分析法划分了指标权重,最后用模糊综合评价法对4个方案做了综合评估。结果表明,人员密集场所中安全标识的使用能够有效管控人群流向,避免人群对冲情况的发生,而安全标识显著度、理解度和受众感知度的增强能够使人群管控的效果更明显。