模糊数学模型在外排废水综合评价中的应用

引入模糊数学中隶属度、权重及模糊矩阵的概念,综合考虑各污染因子状况以确定外排废水的水质情况,更加合理地刻划其外排废水的污染程度,从中找出治理重点,有针对性地加强治理,改善环境。     

农用地集约利用评价的新模型研究

作为农业大国,中国面临着农用地利用效率低下,耕地数量锐减的现状。如何缓解人地关系、 提高农用地集约利用效率是目前中国解决农用地问题的迫切需要。因此,开展农用地集约利用评价具有十分重大的意义。论文以陕西省为例,提出基于动态模糊神经网络的农用地集约利用评价模型,以克服传统方法学习过程慢,易造成规则灾难、 过度拟合等问题。为了提高评价的准确性,采用定性与定量相结合的方法挑选评价指标体系,剔除冗余程度高的评价指标:耕地平衡指数和单位面积劳动力人数。对动态模糊神经网络模型进行训练和测试,模型收敛结果良好,误差均不超过3×10^-16。为了便于分析评价结果,采用K-means方法将评价分值聚为四类,并与陕西省农用地集约度的空间分异(陕北、 关中、 陕南)实际情况对比。结果表明,采用新模型的评价结果与陕西省各地级市的实际情况相符,杨凌示范区的集约程度最高。最后,通过逐步回归分析得出,农用地集约度与农民人均纯收入呈显著正相关,其相关系数为0.74,高于人均GDP、 城市化水平,农民人均纯收入是影响农用地集约度的主要因素。     

基于PSR和云理论的农用地生态环境评价——以广东省新兴县为例

论文采用PSR框架构建评价指标体系,利用云理论分别构建定量指标与定性指标的云模型,对农用地生态环境进行评价。以广东省新兴县为例,得出新兴县农用地生态环境分值为0.75,农用地生态环境良好。并将云理论与模糊规则进行对比,得出新兴县农用地生态环境分值分别为0.75和0.70,两者结果差异不大,但是结果表明云理论能完整表达评价问题中的不确定性,避免模糊规则中隶属度函数确定繁琐的问题。     

基于模糊数学的民航航路鸟击概率计算模型研究

随着全球生态环境的不断改善,以及噪音更小进气口更大的喷气式客机的投入运营,航路鸟击日益成为威胁民航安全的重要因素之一。以美国25888条航路鸟击事件为例,通过对其进行分析和统计,确定出航路鸟击的影响因素,并构建了基于模糊综合评价法和层次分析法的航路鸟击概率计算模型;该模型能够用来预测某一航班在指定时间段,指定高度受到某种鸟类撞击的概率值,飞行计划制定人员可以根据该值是否可接受来调整飞行路线,机组也可以提前做好防范预案,从而降低航路鸟击造成的经济损失,确保人员安全,保障飞机在航路上的安全运行。     

基于新型综合集成法的矿井通风系统安全评价

矿井通风系统是一个复杂的多因素非线性系统,具有多变、随机和模糊的特点。应用传统的单一评价方法,缺乏系统性和科学性,很难全面地进行安全评价,为了更好地对矿井通风系统安全进行较为客观的定量评价,需要将一种新的综合集成评价方法运用到评价中。通过深入研究德尔斐法、层次分析法、灰色关聚类法以及模糊综合评判法的基本理论,将它们有机地结合起来建立了新型综合集成评价法。在此方法中,应用德尔斐法建立矿井通风系统安全的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各评价指标间的权重,灰色聚类法则用来处理专家评分,对于结果的分析采用模糊综合评判法进行。将不同的理论用于不同的阶段,可以更加全面的考虑矿井通风系统的各种因素,使结果更加准确直观,符合实际。工程实例表明该方法具有较强的逻辑性、实用性和可靠性,为矿井通风系统的安全性提供科学依据。     

基于T-S模糊故障树的输气站场设备失效可能性研究

针对目前国内缺乏输气站场设备失效数据库的特点,同时考虑到设备具有不同的故障程度,提出将指标评价引入至T-S模糊故障树分析中,对设备进行失效可能性分析。首先构建设备的T-S模糊故障树;其次对故障树底事件进行指标评价,转化成当前工况下的故障程度;再次对设备的故障可能性值进行计算;最后,利用模糊数学的方法将故障可能性值转化为失效概率,并参考API 581中的失效概率等级对设备进行失效可能性等级划分。实例分析表明,该方法不仅比传统故障树分析更切合实际,又能够避免指标评价法淡化关键指标的不足,且兼具定量评价与半定量评价的优点。     

纠偏检测控制技术在起重视上的应用

本文分析桥门式起重机大车运行机构啃轨的原因,提出运用纠偏检测控制技术。结合先进的PLG控制和变频调试技术、PID控制器以及现场总线通讯技术等,取代传统的电气控制方式,减少桥门式起重机中大车的啃轨现象,提高设备的安全使用性能,减少设备的故障率,降低维护成本和维修工作量,同时操作简单、运行可靠,具有节能等效果。     

松花江哈尔滨段城市水环境质量评价

为了科学地对松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量进行评价,基于水环境功能区划,采用灰色关联度法将其分为4个区域,运用主、客观相结合的方法分区域建立相应的评价指标体系,使用模糊综合评价法进行水质评价,同时,验证指标体系构建的合理性.结果表明:构建的指标体系能够反映研究对象水环境质量;除阿什河口内水质评价结果为V类,达不到水环境功能区划要求外,其他区域水质均能达标.研究结果将有利于促进水资源的科学管理和有效利用,研究方法可为水环境质量评价提供新的思路.     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin,China

The water supply network （WSN） system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.     

Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of metal contamination of water and sediments in Ondo Estuary,Nigeria

A more reliable methodology for evaluating metal contamination of coastal water and sediments using fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) is presented by this study. Ten metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were investigated in water and sediments from ten sampling sites and formulated into fuzzy matrix based on three contamination classifications of pristine, moderately enriched and extremely impacted categories using regulatory limits as criteria. The products of the matrices from membership function of the observed data and the weight matrices generate indices that classify the degree of metal impact on the sites. The results of the FCA show that the estuary is negatively impacted by metals in a range of 45.5–75.1% membership in the extremely impacted category with potential adverse effects on the ecosystem of the neighbouring Atlantic Ocean. The crude oil exploration activity at site 1 is the major source input of the metals beside Fe and Mn which are natural to the geological structure of the area while domestic waste discharges contribute notably to metal contamination in some sites.