蜡状芽孢杆菌的裂解气相色谱分析初探

裂解气相色谱 (ｐｙｒｏｌｙｓｉｓｇａｓＣｈｒｏｍａｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ ,ＰＹＧＣ)用于细菌的分析较多 .一般菌株都有其特征的裂解图谱 ,而同属不同种 (或不同血清型 )的菌株 ,其相应的特征峰或峰群的强度不同 ,通过比较 ,均可将其区分至属、种 ,甚至亚种水平[1] .周方等[2 ] 1980年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了肠道杆菌 ,纪标等[3 ] 1992年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了 15株伤寒沙门氏菌 ,李兆麟等[4] 1981年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了苏云金芽孢杆菌的所有血清型 ,可以快速简便地把它们分开 .本文作者用ＰＹＧＣ对 5株蜡状芽孢杆菌进行裂解气相色谱分析 ,以期探讨其热解…     

柱色谱法批量分离N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3’,4’:1,2][60]富勒烯研究

经C60、N-甲基甘氨酸和间硝基苯甲醛反应得到N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3′,4′∶1,2][60]富勒烯(MNPF)反应液,旋转蒸发干燥得质量分数为23%的MNPF粗品,采用柱色谱法批量分离其中的MNPF。确定了柱色谱法批量分离MNPF的最佳工艺条件:二硫化碳为流动相,柱层析用硅胶(37~48μm)为固定相,色谱柱直径5cm,高径比为6∶1,最大上样量为23 g。此时分离所得MNPF纯度达99%,回收率为92.3%。     

离子色谱-三重四级杆质谱法测定生活饮用水中痕量碘乙酸

水样经MAX固相萃取小柱富集后,用体积分数为1%的甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱,洗脱液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤,在离子色谱柱上分离后采用三重四级杆质谱法测定水样中的碘乙酸。该方法在0 μg/L~1 000 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.3 μg/L。生活饮用水样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为94.0%~106%,5次测定结果的RSD为2.1%~5.3%。将该方法用于测定江苏地区生活饮用水,结果未检出,高碘地区原水的加氯模拟消毒试验测得消毒后水样中碘乙酸为1.3 μg/L。     

水果蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的气相色谱测定方法研究

建立了水果、蔬菜食品中有机磷农药的提取、净化及其毛细管柱气相色谱测定法.用水和丙酮溶剂提取,填有无水Na2SO4和Al2O3的层析柱净化,浓缩后采用火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测到样品中甲胺磷、对硫磷、马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷的添加回收率分别为81%～90%,82%～90%,84%～102%,80%～90%,变异系数均小于8.0%.实验表明,该方法在一定条件下具有灵敏度高,净化效果好,适用性广等特点,可以作为一种常规测定方法.     

Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Polymers by Inverse Gas Chromatography: I Amylopectin

Amylopectin, as a potato starch based polymer, with a molecular weight of six million gram/mol was characterized using the Inverse Gas Chromatography Method (IGC). DSC method was also used to measure the glass and melting temperatures. Both DSC and IGC agreed well on a T_g of 105°C and T_m of 160–166°C. Nineteen solutes (solvents) were injected onto a chromatographic column containing amylopectin. These solutes revealed the interaction of alkanes with AP, and the wettability and water intake of AP. Alkanes showed exothermic values of interaction parameters which were increased as the temperature increased and as the number of carbons in the alkane series decreased. Retention diagrams of these solutes in a temperature range of 80–200°C revealed two zones, crystalline and amorphous. T_g and T_m were measured using these zones which complimented the DSC values. The two zones were used to calculate the degree of crystallinity below the melting temperature which ranged from 85% at 104°C to 0% at 161°C. The dispersive component of the surface energy of amylopectin was measured using alkanes which ranged from 25.35 mJ/m² at 80°C to 8.47 mJ/m² at 200°C. This is attributed to the weak crystalline surface of AP at 80°C and when the surface melted at 160°C the surface energy decreased due to the thermal expansion of the surface.     

气相色谱法测定水中九种卤代乙酸类化合物研究

建立了液-液萃取气相色谱-双柱-双检测器法测定水中九种卤代乙酸类化合物的检测方法.40 ml水样经4 ml甲基叔丁基醚两次萃取,萃取液经10%硫酸-甲醇50℃衍生后,用气相色谱电子捕获检测器检测.方法检出限为0.6~1.0μg/L,加标回收率75.9%~111%,6次测定的相对标准偏差≤16%.两次萃取显著提高了一氯乙酸和一溴乙酸的回收率,双柱-双检测器有效排除实际样品中假阳性结果,检测结果更准确可靠.     

The asymmetric scent: ringtailed lemurs (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lemur catta</Emphasis>) have distinct chemical signatures in left and right brachial glands

Distinctive cues are predicted to evolve when the benefits obtained by the recognition process overcome its costs. When individual recognition is particularly beneficial for both senders and receivers, the expression of strongly distinctive signals is predicted to evolve. On the other hand, it could be predicted that each individual should show a very stable individual signature. In the same perspective, a great stability of the individual signatures could be expected. Lemur catta is the first non-human primate in which olfactory individual recognition has been demonstrated on the basis of the specialized brachial gland secretions. In this paper, I performed gas chromatograph analyses of right and left gland samples collected in two different periods (breeding and non-breeding seasons) from seven males. The aim was to verify if a diversification in such cues, already demonstrated at the inter-individual level, also occurs at the intra-individual level between left and right glands. I verified, by discriminant analysis and chemical distance comparisons, that each gland of each lemur has its particular signature that is maintained through time. Moreover, such diversification resulted so marked to make the overall intra-individual chemical differences similar to/as strong as the inter-individual ones. Since in rodents several odors from different glands may be integrated in individual recognition, I suggest that bilateral diversification in L. catta scents may offer an enhanced distinctiveness that could provide benefits in mate choice and social relationships.     

柴油/甲醇组合燃烧尾气中甲醛的检测

利用气相色谱分析技术检测了柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)尾气中的非常规排放物--甲醛.通过对不同采样方法和采样条件的比较,设计了采样系统,确定了用吸收液吸收的方法采集尾气中的甲醛.利用尾气中的甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)酸性饱和溶液反应生成甲醛腙的特性,通过检测甲醛腙的浓度来检测尾气中的甲醛含量.应用本方法检测一台采用DMCC燃烧模式的发动机尾气,结果表明,该方法可准确测量其尾气中的甲醛浓度.检测数据显示,当发动机运行DMCC燃烧模式时,相同转速下同一负荷时喷醇量越大,尾气中甲醛浓度越多;在相同的甲醇对柴油的替代率条件下,负荷越低尾气中甲醛浓度越高.     

水中毒死蜱的固相萃取气相色谱测定法

建立水中毒死蜱的固相萃取——气相色谱FPD测定法。本方法的线性范围为0.25～5.00mg/L,回收率为94.2%,RSD为2.5%,检出限为0.25μg/L。该方法灵敏、准确,能很好地排除干扰,可满足水中痕量毒死蜱的测定。     

离子色谱法测定水体中溴酸根

采用离子色谱法测定水中溴酸盐的浓度。该方法操作简单,对水中溴酸盐进行了准确的定量分析,SUPPER5分离柱可以有效的使溴酸盐与其它阴离子分离。