A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

构建中国跨流域调水生态补偿法律关系的法律思考研究——基于跨流域调水水权转让的动态视角

跨流域调水的生态补偿成为实现公平的方式已为越来越多的国家和地区所接受。而当前中国的跨流域调水的生态补偿是国家和政府主导型的,然而单靠国家和政府的力量是有限的。市场是资源优化配置的最佳选择,因此,引入市场机制对跨流域调水进行生态补偿,是十分有效的。通过对跨流域调水生态补偿法律关系的介绍来引出构建中国今后跨流域调水生态补偿法律关系的三要素是本文的主要内容。     

Adsorption of benzene,cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤砷向水稻迁移的研究

为了探究纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤中砷向水稻迁移的影响,通过盆栽种植水稻,向砷污染土壤中分别添加0%(CK)、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的纳米级二氧化锰材料,分析土壤溶液p H值、砷和锰的含量变化,及水稻中砷和锰的含量变化.结果表明:添加不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料,土壤溶液pH值没有显著变化,土壤溶液中砷、锰的浓度随着水稻生长的时间增加而降低;不同时期水稻中砷和锰的分布规律是根部茎部叶部糙米,水稻植株中锰和砷的含量呈显著负相关(p0.05);不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料能有效控制水稻糙米中总砷含量,其中1.0%添加量的阻控效果最好,使糙米中总砷含量降低了65.4%,其无机砷含量低于《食品中污染物限量(GB2762—2012)》中砷限量.     

Estimate of ammonia transfer from Lake Dianchi water to the air

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东莞与帽峰山黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征的对比

将东莞(海拔30m,位于平原地区)与帽峰山(海拔550m,位于山地地区)的黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度进行对比,结果表明,东莞地区BC浓度年均值为5.27mg/m3,帽峰山BC浓度值为2.43mg/m3,两个站点的浓度都比位于珠三角核心区的南村站浓度(8.42μg/m3)低.雨季,东莞与帽峰山BC浓度的日变化特征在中午呈现反位相,这是因为两站近地层受上升气流控制,热对流把地面的BC气溶胶带至高空,地面浓度下降,东莞出现谷值,而高空有了地面的垂直输送补充,帽峰山出现峰值.旱季,华南地区受高压控制,微弱下沉气流对于BC的垂直输送不利,BC的扩散以平流扩散为主,两地日变化情况相近.此外,受BC源远近的影响,东莞的逐月变化(标准差为0.60μg/m3)大于帽峰山(标准差为0.14 μg/m3).通过分析BC吸收系数的波长幂指数α探讨可能的污染来源,发现两地的α值均接近于1,说明两地BC的污染来源相同,均来自于化石燃料的燃烧.     

热活化对海泡石处理模拟含油废水性能的影响

以海泡石粉末为原料,对其进行热活化处理,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、吸附剂用量、废水初始pH、温度等对模拟含油废水COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:经400℃热活化后,海泡石的比表面积由247.797 m2/g增加至305.849 m2/g,热活化海泡石对模拟含油废水中COD的吸附等温式符合Freundlich方程。     

质粒基因强化活性污泥系统对2,4–D的降解

以携带质粒pJP4[含编码2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)降解功能的基因片段]的基因工程菌Pseudomonas putida SM1443::gfp2x (pJP4::dsRed)为供体菌,通过半连续流实验研究了质粒基因强化对活性污泥系统的2,4-D的降解效应及菌群结构的影响.结果表明,以初始浓度约为320mg/L的2,4-D为唯一碳源,向活性污泥系统投加携带pJP4质粒的基因工程菌P. putida,运行初期,降解促进作用不明显;随着半连续流反应的进行,促进作用显著增强.与对照系统相比,降解速率之差最高为6.67mg/(L·h).从基因强化系统中筛选到1株占有优势的接合子,经鉴定为Alcaligenes sp.::pJP4. Alcaligenes sp.本身不具备降解2,4-D的能力,获得质粒pJP4后,对2,4-D降解能力大幅度提高,与野生型2,4-D高效降解菌Bacillus sp.相当. PCR-DGGE分析表明,在受到2,4-D冲击条件下基因强化的活性污泥系统较对照系统保持了相对更加稳定的菌群结构.     

相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故分析

针对相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故,采用故障树分析方法,以蒸馏釜燃爆作为顶上事件进行分析。在进行故障树最小割集分析与基本事件重要度分析的基础上,根据3种不同燃爆事故类型分别提出了相应的蒸馏釜燃爆事故预防措施。     

湿法烟气脱硫系统运行节能优化措施

针对石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统在台州发电厂的应用过程中几项改造项目进行了分析和总结,提出改进湿法脱硫系统运行经济性的措施,在提高脱硫设备运行稳定性、降低脱硫设备故障率,减少脱硫运行对主机的影响等方面达到了显著的效果,为脱硫系统的节能、经济运行提供了参考。