长江口港口群建设条件与布局

和茳口港口群指以上海港为中心，分南北翼的杭州湾地区与苏北沿海地带以及以长江为中轴的各类港口所组成的组合式港口。它们可以充分利用江海水域资源，建设各类不同层次，不同规模的大中小结合、综合性港与专业性港相配套的港口群体。同时，可以发挥两省一市的积极性，多快好省地建设上海国际航运中心。     

耐热托盘的铸造工艺方案

托盘属于典型的框架结构型铸件 ,要求铸件具有高的耐热性、耐热冲击及抗裂能力。采用不同铸造工艺方案 ,根据存在的问题 ,通过分析产生的原因 ,不断改进工艺 ,获得了合格的铸件 ,使铸件成品率达 95 %以上     

A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

铸铁还原氯乙酸的影响因素与机制研究

氯乙酸是地表水与饮用水中一种常见的微量氯代有机污染,具有致癌性,浓度较高时对人体健康会产生一定的危害.为了更经济地去除水体中的氯乙酸,研究了铸铁废料去除氯乙酸的可行性,讨论了铁类型、预处理方法,振荡方式以及溶解氧等条件对还原效果的影响.结果表明传质过程比铁类型与酸处理对氯乙酸还原速率的影响更大.铸铁无氧去除三氯乙酸(TCAA)的主要产物为二氯乙酸(DCAA)而有氧存在时为一氯乙酸(MCAA).在纵向翻转下铸铁对氯乙酸的去除过程符合伪一级动力学,TCAA、DCAA与MCAA的无氧速率常数分别为0.46 h-1、0.03 h-1与0,有氧速率常数依次为1.24 h-1、0.79 h-1与0.28 h-1.不同氧含量环境中铸铁对氯乙酸的去除机制不同,无氧时为连续氢解,有氧时可能包括连续氢解与直接转化过程.     

Cooling Suits,Physiological Response,and Task Performance in Hot Environments for the Power Industry

Heat stress on workers working outdoors in the power industry may result in fatigue and deterioration in task performance. This research collected and analyzed data on task performance of workers working indoors and outdoors with and without a cooling suit. The task performance was compared on the basis of heart rate, oxygen consumption, tympanic temperature, subjective responses, productivity, and error rates. Based on One-Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) results, a significantly lower estimated working oxygen consumption was observed (p < .001) when the cooling suit was worn. The productivity was higher while workers wore the cooling suit as compared to no cooling suit (p = .011) whereas the error rates were significantly lower(p < .001). Also a significantly lower self-reported discomfort was observed in the neck and shoulders while working wearing the cooling suit (p = .004). This study concluded that wearing a cooling suit while working outdoors was associated with physiological benefits as well as improved task performance of the study participants.     

余热锅炉在绿色油田建设中的应用

余热锅炉的运用使得不同品级的能源可以得到充分合理的利用。中国石油塔里木油田公司在生产实践中,采用燃气发电机组—余热锅炉联合循环技术,用不能再发电的燃气尾气生产蒸汽,对天然气中蕴含的能量进行分级利用,实现了发电、供热双重效益,也降低了对周边环境的热污染。文章对该热电联合循环的工艺流程进行介绍,通过对燃气发电机组尾气的能量传递进行计算,用热力学原理进行分析,以期实现对使用余热锅炉后的热电联产经济性进行综合评价的目的。     

Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing, China

Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.     

移动式医疗废物原位消毒处理工艺和效果比较

移动式医疗废物原位处理是解决医疗废物应急处置的重要技术选择,但目前针对移动式原位处理处理的工艺技术、实施效果以及相应的现场应对措施等缺乏系统研究。针对应急处理适用性、处理效果、成本等特性对典型医疗废物原位消毒处理工艺技术及设备进行了分析。微波、高温蒸汽、摩擦热3种原位消毒处理设备,具有占地面积小、集成化程度高、性能稳定的特点,适用于医疗废物原位就地处理,可有效阻断疾病的传播。本研究结果可为确定医疗废物应急处理策略及方法提供参考。     

环形热岛格局演变过程的遥感分析

城市热岛效应的空间格局在一定程度上可以反映城市规划和管理的成败得失,也是城市大气污染的驱动因素之一。〖JP2〗使用2000、2003、2004、2006、2008和2010年2～3月下午成都的6次NOAA/AVHRR（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）卫星遥感数据反演亮温,采用均值 标准差法将热岛强度分为7个等级,用面积加权平均法将研究区强度分为高温、中温和低温3类。结果表明：（1）热岛空间格局呈现巨大变异,由前期的中心型演变为中期的环型,后期是热岛环的形态和高温中心的调整阶段;（2）研究区的强度为前期强,2004年迅速减弱,高温类的强度2004年比2003年减弱259℃,2004年之后的平均减弱率仅为024℃/a;（3）城市东北部和西南部高温区的温度梯度出现逆向升降趋势。由于地表温度对城市气温有重要影响,热岛形态的变化是人们从更复杂角度分析大气污染机制、设计热岛数值模型和进行城市规划的客观依据     

不同外热部位下18650型锂离子电池热失控研究

为探究不同外热部位对18650型锂离子电池热失控特性的影响,通过自主设计的试验平台对电荷量为100%的18650型锂离子电池开展不同外热部位下热失控试验,探讨不同部位外热源对电池热失控行为过程、热失控响应时间、温度特性、电池破裂部位的影响。结果表明:在相同热源功率条件下,外热源位置对电池热失控过程中初爆与二次燃爆间的时间间隔存在影响,顶部加热时安全阀打开瞬间便发生二次燃爆,底部和中部加热工况下,时间间隔分别延迟至18 s和40 s;中部加热时池体温升速率最慢,为0.873℃/s,分别为顶部和底部加热时的77.5%和77.8%;中部加热时热失控响应时间最长达290 s,顶部和底部加热时分别缩短12.4%和30.0%;顶部和底部加热时,热失控破裂部位集中于顶部"褶皱处"和底部防爆阀,但在中部加热工况下,电池发生破裂部位的随机性增加,其外壳破坏程度也有增加。