地源热泵系统综合效益分析

引入净年值分析方法,在分析影响地源热泵系统效益评价因素的基础上,建立了综合效益评价模型。以天津某工程为例,对地源热泵系统与分散式制冷机房+市政热网系统进行综合比较,结果表明:地源热泵系统净年值增加额ΔNAV为162.8万元,该项目年运行费用减少51.3万元,年节约标准煤481.4 t,经济及环境效益显著。并对地源热泵系统的财务内部收益率进行了敏感性分析,为企业优化投资决策,规避风险提供参考。     

Adsorption of benzene,cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

Remediation effect of compost on soluble mercury transfer in a crop of Phaseolus vulgaris

We studied the dynamics of mercury (Hg) transfer in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in soil with Hg-doped compost at the maximum levels permitted by Colombian law on organic amendments. Quantitative evaluation of transfer was made in different plant organs: roots, stem, leaves, pods and seeds. Matrix effect was determined in doped soil assays, using soil with and without addition of compost. Results showed that the use of organic matter reduced Hg transfer to the plant and the amount transferred was differentially distributed to the organs. We observed an inverse relationship between concentration and distance from the body to the root. It was evident that transfer was mediated by quantitative factors; the greater the presence of mercury in soil, the larger the amount that will be transferred. Results also indicate the remedial effect of compost and the presence of a barrier, at the root level, against mercury translocation to the plant aerial parts.     

Remediation effect of compost on soluble mercury transfer in a crop of Phaseolus vulgaris

We studied the dynamics of mercury (Hg) transfer in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in soil with Hg-doped compost at the maximum levels permitted by Colombian law on organic amendments. Quantitative evaluation of transfer was made in different plant organs: roots, stem, leaves, pods and seeds. Matrix effect was determined in doped soil assays, using soil with and without addition of compost. Results showed that the use of organic matter reduced Hg transfer to the plant and the amount transferred was differentially distributed to the organs. We observed an inverse relationship between concentration and distance from the body to the root. It was evident that transfer was mediated by quantitative factors; the greater the presence of mercury in soil, the larger the amount that will be transferred. Results also indicate the remedial effect of compost and the presence of a barrier, at the root level, against mercury translocation to the plant aerial parts.     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques,including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能研究∗

为探究外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能,通过现场热响应试验,利用热源理论初步分析其岩土综合导热系数,建立三维传热数值模型并进行验证。利用三维传热数值模型分析换热管间距及其导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数等因素对该新型桩换热性能的影响。分析结果表明,试桩区域岩土综合导热系数为1.64W(m·K)-1。提高换热管间距、换热管导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数均能提高能源桩的换热性能,但当换热管间距大于0.25 m,换热液流速达到紊流态,换热管和桩周水泥土导热系数高于岩土综合导热系数后,提高上述参数对能源桩换热性能的提高贡献不大。     

地理特征、人口分布及用电负荷对深圳城市热岛效应的影响分析

利用自动站气温资料计算了深圳市的城市热岛强度,并分析了海陆分布、人口密度、道路占地面积百分比及用电负荷等因素对深圳城市热岛效应的影响.结果表明,海陆分布是决定深圳城市热岛强度空间分布格局的主要因子,深圳东西两侧海洋的气候调节作用使得热岛强度相对较低,而中部地区南临香港陆地,海洋调节作用较弱,使得这部分地区成为深圳城市热岛的中心.人口密度和道路占地面积百分比对深圳城市热岛强度空间分布格局均有影响,它们与城市热岛强度之间的相关性显著（p〈0.01）,但道路占地百分比最密集的地区,城市热岛强度值却并不高,这可能与该区域较大的年平均风速有关.对2011年和2010年的数据进行对比分析,发现电力负荷对深圳城市热岛强度有着非常明显的影响,2011年深圳年平均城市热岛强度的增加,极有可能是由于2011年冬季更冷夏季更热导致用电负荷增加而造成的.     

基于低浓度瓦斯利用的换热器设计及数值分析*

为提高低浓度瓦斯利用效率,对螺旋式、列管式、翅片式3种换热方式进行参数化研究,探讨不同形状换热方式对预热效果的影响,并通过改变流速和温度研究螺旋管换热效果。结果表明:螺旋管换热效果相对最佳,并在vh=0.9 m/s,vc=2.0 m/s时换热温度相对最高。同时,随换热温度升高,出口温度逐渐升高,随速率增加,出口温度先升高后降低。通过研究换热器形状对换热效果的影响,优化换热方式设计,为低浓度瓦斯高效利用提供理论依据。     

干水在热环境中的持续作用效果研究*

为研究干水对建筑火灾中高聚物燃烧产生的热危害和烟气危害的影响,采用火焰传播量热仪（FPA）模拟建筑火灾扑灭后的持续热环境,对灭火过程中过量施加的干水对可燃高聚物的持续作用效果进行研究。结果表明:干水能够明显提升可燃物的抗复燃性能以及削弱燃烧过程中的热危害和烟气危害;相比于纯燃料,干水作用下可燃物的点燃时间出现明显的延迟,并且热释放速率和一氧化碳生成速率明显降低,尤其在可燃物燃烧初期,干水还具有显著的抑制烟气生成速率的效果。研究结果可为灾后消防人员的搜救和被困人员的逃生提供一种新的技术方案。     

出水回流对Anammox颗粒特性及其微生物群落的影响

基于有无回流的EGSB反应器中厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的内外部结构和微生物群落差异,从传质、活性和稳定性等角度分析了出水回流对颗粒污泥结构和功能的影响.研究表明,增加回流提供更好的水流条件使得底物能更好的与颗粒污泥接触,反应器在氮负荷率为(3.48±0.32)kg N/(m3·d)的条件下亚硝氮和氨氮的去除率从60％和65％...