河口盐沼植物分布对有效光合辐射的响应

对东滩植被带光量子通量密度的调查研究表明:互花米草带与海三棱藨草带光量子通量密度没有显著性差异,其值分别为1 570和1 556μmol/(m2·s)。光照对两物种的生长、繁殖等植物行为的影响只取决于其对光照的利用能力和效率;在互花米草和海三棱藨草混生带,到达互花米草和海三棱藨草的光量子通量密度之间存在显著差异(P0.05),互花米草对海三棱藨草的遮荫效应达63%,表明互花米草对海三棱藨草具有强的遮荫作用。光照不足严重影响海三棱藨草的生长,在混生带,海三棱藨草生长速率降低,种群密度和生物量减少,植株高度增加。因此,互花米草对海三棱藨草的遮荫作用,抑制了海三棱藨草在中潮滩的更新过程,因而也是造成海三棱藨草生境丧失的重要原因之一。     

Chloride Released from Three Permeable Pavement Surfaces after Winter Salt Application

Few studies exist on how chloride from chloride‐based deicers is transported in infiltration‐based stormwater control measures. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) constructed a 0.4 ha parking lot in Edison, New Jersey, that was surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each surface type has four equally sized, lined sections that direct all infiltrate to separate 5.7 m³ collection tanks. The USEPA acute criterion for aquatic life (860 mg/l) was exceeded in events immediately following a snow event. Concentrations of the infiltrate exceeded the detection limit (5 mg/l) year round but did not exceed the USEPA chronic toxicity (230 mg/l) after April. The chloride concentration decreased with cumulative rainfall since previous snow event, and a power regression described this relationship. In the power regression, the coefficient (b) described the initial concentration following a snow event, and the exponent (m) described the rate in which chloride was flushed through the system with infiltrating water. PC had the largest coefficient (5,664) and largest absolute exponent (?0.92), followed closely by PICP (b = 4,943 and m = ?0.87), and distantly by PA (b = 2,907 and m = ?0.67). The differences in release rate were proportional to the measured surface infiltration rates of 4,000; 2,400; and 200 cm/h for PC, PICP, and PA, respectively. These results will assist those who manage or regulate stormwater where receiving waters are chloride impaired.     

用碳化法从制碱废渣一次盐泥中制取轻质氧化镁的研究

本研究是用制碱废渣一次盐泥作原料，采用二氧化碳碳化法制取轻质氧化镁。同时分析了提取轻质氧化镁后的残渣用于制造水泥或其它胶凝材料的原料的可行性。     

SnAgCu焊料中Sn元素在模拟土壤溶液中的浸出行为

研究了Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu无铅焊料及其与Cu基板的钎焊接头在模拟土壤的NaCl,NaCl-Na2SO4和NaCl-Na2SO4-Na2CO3溶液中Sn元素的浸出行为.结果表明:焊料在NaCl-Na2SO4-Na2CO3溶液中Sn的浸出相对严重;而接头在NaCl溶液中Sn的浸出量最多.在Sn浸出量多的焊料和接头表面形成厚而疏松的腐蚀产物,XRD分析表明其产物主要由SnO,SnO2和Sn4(OH)6Cl2组成.动电位极化测试分析表明接头中Cu基板与焊料合金之间的电偶腐蚀是焊料合金与接头在同种溶液中Sn元素浸出差异的主要原因.     

地下空间在节能减排中的应用及展望

在能源短缺和环境污染的双重压力下,我国出台多项措施加大节能减排力度。总结概括了地下空间的几种类型,认为盐岩洞穴、废弃矿洞、废弃油井、枯竭油气层等地下空间经过技术改造,可以埋存CO2、固体垃圾、废弃核原料,储存油气,地热利用等,能创造可观的社会价值和环境保护效益,可作为节能减排的一种有效措施。以山东地区为例,调研分析了山东多处地下空间利用现状,给出了地下空间的三种发展方向。     

几种表面防护体系耐盐雾性能研究

目的通过对比试验室加速腐蚀试验结果,获得耐盐雾腐蚀性能最佳的表面防护体系。方法选用2024铝合金的几种不同表面防护体系,进行盐雾腐蚀试验。通过宏观腐蚀形貌和涂层失光率变化来分析判定表面防护体系耐腐蚀性能,获得抗腐蚀性能优异的表面防护体系。结果综合内外部防护体系宏观腐蚀形貌和失光率情况来看,阿洛丁氧化和所配套的三套涂层系统的盐雾适应性较差。结论内部防护体系推荐采用铬酸阳极化+10P4-X底漆防护体系;外部防护体系推荐采用铬酸阳极化+10P20-X底漆+ECL面漆防护体系。     

外源甜菜碱投加增强高盐废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能

废水因含盐量高而导致其生物处理效率降低,对于如何提高高盐环境下的生物处理效率已成为目前的研究热点.采用厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高盐废水,以不同甜菜碱浓度对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能为研究对象,探讨了甜菜碱对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响.结果表明：①投加甜菜碱对系统脱氮效能有明显的改善作用,甜菜碱浓度为0.1~0.4 mmol·L^-1时,添加甜菜碱缓解了盐胁迫对厌氧氨氧化菌生长的抑制,也促进了反硝化菌的生长;甜菜碱浓度为0.4~0.5 mmol·L^-1时,推测反硝化菌为优势菌群,但对总氮去除表现为促进作用.甜菜碱浓度大于0.5 mmol·L^-1后,添加甜菜碱已无法缓解盐胁迫对反应器脱氮效能的抑制,最终在甜菜碱浓度0.8 mmol·L^-1时对反应器产生完全抑制.②甜菜碱的添加浓度为0.3 mmol·L^-1时,反应去除效能达到最佳,NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N分别提升了16%和32%,NRR提升了26.8%.③在最后的恢复试验中,随着甜菜碱浓度的降低反应器脱氮效能得到快速恢复,NH₄⁺-N恢复到50.6%,NO₂^--N平均去除率为63.7%,NRR恢复到0.65 kg·（m³·d）^-1,这说明甜菜碱对反应器的影响是可逆的.     

SALINITY AND SEDIMENTATION STUDY–COOPER RIVER REDIVERSION,CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA1

The study was prepared in 1966 for the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of the Interior, for presentation to the United States Army Corps of Engineers which had under study several routes for rediversion of the discharge from the Santee-Cooper Hydro Electric Plant, Steam Plant and Lock. Each rediversion was designed to by-pass the Charleston Harbor and this study and report was concerned with one of those routes–Rediversion Route “B.” The channel was to be designed for a maximum fresh-water flow of 27,500 cfs and a mean flow of 15,500 cfs. The objectives of the study and report were to make an estimate of: (1) the geographical extent of salt marsh waters of which the salinity will be measurably reduced, and (2) the probable accumulation of fresh-water borne sediments in those same waters. Special consultants were Dr. F. H. Kellogg, Memphis State University, and Mr. K. L. Drennan, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Mississippi.     

伊宁市空气中硫酸盐化速率与二氧化硫相关性研究

对伊宁市1999-2002年空气中硫酸盐化速率和二氧化硫监测值进行回归分析,结果表明,二者之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,但对各年度回归方程斜率和截距进行统计检验,则表现出显著的差异。     

[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2的制备及其催化柴油氧化脱硫的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同负载量的[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2,通过红外光谱、比表面积和孔结构分析对[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2进行表征,考察负载量、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对模拟柴油脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,掺杂后的催化剂保持了Keggin结构,[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2在最佳反应条件下,苯并噻吩的脱除率达到48.3%,二苯并噻吩的脱除率达到67.2%。