氯化镁微胶囊泡沫作用机理及阻化效果研究

针对现有硫化矿石自燃防治技术在应用中存在的不足,提出了采用氯化镁微胶囊泡沫防治硫化矿石自燃火灾的新思路。首先阐述了氯化镁微胶囊泡沫的特性与作用机理,然后通过实验,制备了微胶囊与微胶囊泡沫并以正交试验确定了制备微胶囊泡沫的最佳配方:微胶囊与水质量比为1∶5、ABS浓度为6 g/L、稳泡剂X浓度为6 g/L;最后采用对照实验,以温度与阻化率为优选依据,对氯化镁微胶囊泡沫、氯化镁溶液与水三者的阻化效果进行比较。结果表明在氯化镁微胶囊泡沫的作用下,硫化矿石堆的温度上升最慢,阻化率最高,达到81.6%,阻化效果优于其他两种阻化剂。     

Effects of bicarbonate and cathode potential on hydrogen production in a biocathode electrolysis cell

A biocathode with microbial catalyst in place of a noble metal was successfully developed for hydrogen evolution in a microbial electrolysis cell （MEC）. The strategy for fast biocathode cultivation was demonstrated. An exoelectrogenic reaction was initially extended with an H2-full atmosphere to enrich Ha-utilizing bacteria in a MEC bioanode. This bioanode was then inversely polarized with an applied voltage in a half-cell to enrich the hydrogen-evolving biocathode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） kinetics of the biocathode MEC could be enhanced by increasing the bicarbonate buffer concentration from 0.05 mol·L-1 to 0.5 mol· L-1 and/or by decreasing the cathode potential from -0.9 V to - 1.3 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode （SCE）. Within the tested potential region in this study, the HER rate of the biocathode MEC was primarily influenced by the microbial catalytic capability. In addition, increasing bicarbonate concentration enhances the electric migration rate of proton carriers. As a consequence, more mass H＋ can be released to accelerate the biocathode-catalyzed HER rate. A hydrogen production rate of 8.44 m3. m 3. d1 with a current density of 951.6 A. m-3 was obtained using the biocathode MEC under a cathode potential of - 1.3 V vs. SCE and 0.4 mol· L-1 bicarbonate. This study provided information on the optimization of hydrogen production in biocathode MEC and expanded the practical applications thereof.     

Rice seedlings under cadmium stress: effect of silicon on growth,cadmium uptake,oxidative stress,antioxidant capacity and root and leaf structures

In this study, the effect of silicon (Si) addition on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice seedlings was investigated. After a series of screening experiments, 50 μmol·L^?1 of Cd and 10 μ mol·L^?1 of Si were selected. Treatment of rice seedlings with Cd (50 μ mol·L^?1) resulted in significant accumulation of this metal in roots and shoots. The data revealed that accumulation of Cd resulted in oxidative stress in rice seedlings as evidenced by increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA; a peroxidation product of lipids). However, addition of Si (10 μ mol·L^?1) together with Cd prevented accumulation of Cd, H₂O₂ and MDA. Antioxidant capacity was decreased by Cd but enhanced by Si addition. Cd decreased the length and frequency of root hairs, stomatal frequency, and distorted leaf mesophyll cells and vascular bundles. However, addition of Si together with Cd reduced these abnormalities. The results showed that addition of exogenous Si protected rice seedlings against Cd toxicity by preventing Cd accumulation and oxidative stress (H₂O₂ and MDA accumulation) by increasing Si accumulation and antioxidant capacity, which maintained the structure and integrity of leaf and root.     

Ozone kinetics of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of water vapor

The outdoor smog chamber was used to thorough investigate the rate constants of gas-phase reaction between dimethyl sulfide （DMS） and ozone （O3） under conditions of relative humidity 55.0%-67.8% at （296±2）K for the first time. The rate constants were measured, at a total pressure of 1 atm, to be （10.4±0.2） × 10^-19 cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 67.5%±0.3% at 298K, （10.1±0.1） × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 66.5%±0.5% at 296K, （7.75±0.39） × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 64.8%± 0.1% at 294K and （3.42±0.21） × 10^-19cm^3·molecu- le^-1·s^-1at relative humidity of 55.8%±0.8% at 295K. Base on these results, it is possible to see the reaction of O3/ DMS in the presence of water vapor as an important sink for DMS in the earth atmosphere.     

异质结型光催化剂CuO/SnO2的制备及产氢性能

光催化降解有机废水可以实现在降解污染物同时回收清洁能源.本研究采用简单沉淀法制备了CuO/SnO2系列复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其结构进行表征.分别考察了氧化铜含量和乙醇浓度对复合材料光催化产氢性能的影响.实验结果表明,通过氧化铜与二氧化锡适当比例复合能显著提高复合材料的光催化产氢性能.复合材料48.51%CuO/SnO2的产氢性能比纯二氧化锡提高了近5倍.乙醇的浓度也对复合材料的产氢性能有较大影响,最佳的乙醇浓度为2.00 mol.L-1左右.长时间光催化产氢结果表明,每降解废水中1 kg的COD可产生氢气3724 mL.另外,对复合材料光催化分解乙醇的产氢机理也进行了分析.     

饮用水中二级胺的气相色谱快速检测方法研究

以二甲胺、二乙胺、甲乙胺、吗啉和N-甲基苄胺5种二级胺代表物质为例,分别使用气相色谱-氢火焰(GC-FID)技术和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术检测饮用水中二级胺质量浓度。结果表明,使用优化的预处理方法处理后进样分析,5种代表物质的线性范围在20~2 000μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤0.46%,最低检出限在3.18~24.19μg/L。FID比MSD具有较强优势。该方法对于直链脂肪类和杂环类的二级胺都有良好的检测效果,可用于对饮用水二级胺类物质的检测。     

我国硫化氢职业中毒现状、原因与对策

分析了硫化氢的主要存在场所,对近年来硫化氢职业中毒行业事故进行汇总并分析了易发事故行业中毒原因,介绍了当前硫化氢中毒的预防措施及我国管理政策。指出硫化氢职业中毒事故的发生与国家的监管力度、企业的重视程度以及工人的自我保护意识密切相关,相关部门加大监管力度是防治硫化氢职业中毒的一个不可忽视的环节,同时应加大力度开发防治硫化氢中毒及应急处理的技术与装备。     

毒气泄漏事故应急用个体呼吸防护用品防护效果研究

本文对毒气泄漏事故应急过程中公众常用的个体呼吸防护用品的防护效果进行了研究.针对硫化氢气体,利用无机气体防护时间检测系统,测试研究了滤毒盒、简易防护口罩、毛巾等个体防护用品在不同工况下的防护性能,试验结果表明,有毒气体浓度及温湿度两种工况条件均对个体防护用品的防护时间有较大影响,滤毒盒的防护效果远好于简易防护口罩,毛巾的防护效果较差,在此基础上进一步分析了毒气泄漏事故应急过程中个体呼吸防护用品的选择策略.本研究可为建立个体防护对策的选择方法提供基础数据和参考.     

上海市滨岸带沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物垂直分布及空间变化特征

对上海市滨岸带(北起浏河口,南至杭州湾的金丝娘桥)18个柱状沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)质量分数及其垂直分布特征进行了研究. 结果表明:沉积物中w(AVS)为0.38～317.60 mg/kg,底层沉积物中w(AVS)平均值最高,是表层和中层的2倍左右. 各采样点沉积物中底层w(AVS)空间变化差异最大,表层w(AVS)变化较小. 人类活动干扰(滨岸带围垦、工业排污和生活排污和畜禽养殖等)显著改变了潮滩原有的自然环境特征〔w(有机碳)、含水率、粒度组成以及氧化还原电位等〕,可能成为控制上海市滨岸带沉积物中w(AVS)空间变化差异的决定性因素.      

Variation along the shy–bold continuum in extremophile fishes (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Poecilia mexicana</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Poecilia sulphuraria</Emphasis>)

One potential trade-off that bold individuals face is between increased predation risks and gains in resources. Individuals experiencing high predation and hungry individuals (or individuals with low body condition) are predicted to show increased boldness. We examined one behavioral trait previously reported to be associated with boldness (the time individual fish needed to emerge from shelter) in various populations of mollies (Poecilia spp.). Our study system included several southern Mexican surface streams with high piscine predation and high food availability, sulfidic surface streams with high avian predation, in which the inhabiting fish show reduced body condition, and a sulfidic cave, where predation and body condition are low. Our comparison revealed very short times to emerge from the start box in populations from non-sulfidic streams. In sulfidic habitats (whether surface or cave), it took individual Poecilia mexicana considerably longer to emerge from the start box, and the same difference was also found in an independent comparison between P. mexicana and the closely related, highly sulfide-adapted Poecilia sulphuraria. Fish reared under common garden conditions (in the absence of predators and hydrogen sulfide) showed intermediate boldness scores to the extremes observed in the field. Our data thus indicate that (a) boldness is shaped by environmental conditions/experiential effects, but is not heritable, (b) predation affects boldness in the predicted direction, but (c) low body condition leads to reduced boldness. Extremophile Poecilia spp. spend most of their time surfacing to survive under sulfidic and hypoxic conditions, which exposes them to increased levels of predations, but the fish forage on the bottom. Hence, in this system, increased boldness does not increase foraging success. We argue that energy limitation favors reducing energetically costly behaviors, and exploring novel environments may be just one of them.