催化氧化法脱除黄磷尾气中的磷化氢和硫化氢

在常压、温度60~100℃、气体流量0.375~0.875 m3/h的条件下,利用自制的JC-4型催化剂可以深度脱除黄磷尾气中的磷化氢和硫化氢,使它们在产品气中的体积分数小于1×10-6,净化效率接近100%。该催化剂寿命长达6 000 m in,处理黄磷尾气能力为300 m3/kg。在36~50 m3/h黄磷尾气净化中试试验中,取得了同样的效果。     

填埋场酸可挥发硫测定及对重金属迁移性的影响

酸可挥发硫(AVS)对于控制重金属在沉积物-间隙水中的分配和重金属的生物可利用性及迁移性有重要意义.填埋场环境与海洋底泥中相似,因此参考沉积物中AVS和SEM的测定方法来研究填埋垃圾中重金属的迁移性.测定了填埋垃圾AVS的最佳反应条件,并在该条件下测定了杭州天子岭垃圾处理处置总场不同填埋深度垃圾的AVS与同步浸提金属(SEM),发现AVS随着填埋深度的增加而增加,但是n(SEM)/n(AVS)远远大于1,为25～45,说明填埋场中AVS不是重金属的主要结合相,AVS不是影响填埋场中重金属迁移性的主要因素.      

硫化氢制氢电解槽设计的改进及实验研究

硫化氢间接电解制氢过程中,在电解槽内采用湍流网结构可以有效地改善传质,基本消除扩散传质的影响。当槽压为1．1V,阴阳极流速皆为200L／h,电解温度为40℃的情况下,电解槽可以长时间保持良好性能,电流密度约为160mA／cm^2。     

塔里木河流域东部降水稳定同位素特征与水汽来源

大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素比率(δ18O和δ2H)的定位监测有助于理解水体相变、混合和输送的过程,南疆塔里木河流域东部气候干旱,水资源是影响可持续发展的关键资源,然而目前对其大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素的认识仍十分有限.基于塔里木河流域东部4个采样点2019年6月～2020年9月采集的103个降水样品,分析了大气降水中氢氧稳...     

过氧化氢、过碳酸钠活化过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤

分别以H₂O₂和Na₂CO₃·1.5H₂O₂活化Na₂S₂O₄降解原油污染土壤,考察氧化后土壤的原油降解率、pH、微生物含量以及原油组分的变化,比较两种活化剂对过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤效果的影响。实验结果表明：两种活化剂氧化处理7 d后的最大原油降解率分别达到42.94%和44.07%;氧化后原油组分的占比情况发生变化,w（饱和烃）增加5.28~11.93个百分点,而w（芳香烃）、w（胶质）和w（沥青质）则分别降低了0.10~2.53,2.53~3.80,0.94~3.43个百分点;添加微生物菌剂进行50 d的生物降解后,两种活化剂的最大原油降解率分别达到71.00%和75.70%,比单独微生物降解时提高了5.96~12.08个百分点。     

The effect of the initial concentration of glycerol on the hydrogen produced by strains of the genus Clostridium spp.

Hydrogen produced by microorganisms is a topic of growing interest because of its potential for derivation from several agro-industrial by-products. In this study, we evaluated the hydrogen production of strains of genus Clostridium (Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium butyricum) using glycerol as a carbon source. Fermentation studies were conducted using three initial concentrations of glycerol: 10, 30 and 50 g/L. The micro-organism growth kinetics and the amounts of solvents and gases were recorded over 48 h. The strain C. acetobutylicum exhibited the best results in terms of hydrogen production, the highest production yield (Y _p/s) of 0.37 mol H₂/mol glycerol and the highest level of productivity (0.75 mg H₂/(L·h)). Based on these results, it is reasonable to conclude that glycerol could be effectively exploited as a carbon source for hydrogen production, which adds value to this primary by-product of standard biodiesel processes.     

鄱阳湖水体垂向分层状况调查研究

湖泊水体混合或分层对环境和生态具有显著指示意义,能够提高对未来湖泊水环境状况的评价与管理。针对洪泛鄱阳湖水位季节性变化显著等特点,基于剖面温度和稳定氢氧同位素的调查分析来探明多因素影响下鄱阳湖水体垂向分层或混合状况。结果发现:鄱阳湖枯水期和洪水期水体垂向温差大多处于0~1.0℃,大部分水域温差小于0.5℃,但偶见洪水期部分水域会达到1.5℃的较大温差。总体表明,在季节变化尺度上,鄱阳湖具有较为稳定的等温层,没有明显温度分层特征。同位素分析结果得出,枯水期和洪水期的氢氧稳定同位素值在深度剖面上呈均一分布,表明鄱阳湖水体混合状况较好或完全混合。虽然湖区气象条件和水文条件均是影响鄱阳湖水体分层或混合的重要因素,但鄱阳湖入流和出流等水文条件是影响鄱阳湖水体垂向混合的主要因素。鄱阳湖水体混合同时对湖泊水环境因子的垂向分布特征可能产生重要的影响或控制作用。首次基于大量野外监测有针对性地开展鄱阳湖水体分层研究,结果有助于对湖泊水流结构的深入认识,可为湖区水体污染物的输移模拟与作用机制阐释等方面提供科学参考。     

Sizing and performance analysis of standalone hybrid photovoltaic/battery/hydrogen storage technology power generation systems based on the energy hub concept

In this study, the optimal sizing and performance analysis of a standalone integrated solar power system equipped with different storage scenarios to supply the power demand of a household is presented. One of the main purposes when applying solar energy resource is to face the increasing environmental pollutions resulting from fossil fuel based electricity sector. To this end, and to compare and examine two energy storage technologies (battery and hydrogen storage technology), three storage scenarios including battery only, hydrogen storage technology only and hybrid storage options are evaluated. An optimization framework based on Energy Hub concept is used to determine the optimum sizes of equipment for the lowest net present cost (NPC) while maintaining the system reliability. It was determined that the most cost effective and reliable case is the system with hybrid storage technology. Also, the effects of solar radiation intensity, the abatement potential of CO₂ emissions and converting excess power to hydrogen on the system’s performance and economics, were investigated and a few noticeable findings were obtained.     

Effects of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex on hydrogen production by fermentative microbes

The redox state of carbon sources directly affected the ratio of NADH/NAD⁺ which was coupled to the hydrogen production by Bacillus sp. FS2011. The addition of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDHc)E1 could regulate hydrogen production by FS2011 or pretreated compost in batch cultivation. With the addition of appropriate amount of inhibitor, hydrogen production via the NADH pathway was increased, leading to the higher overall hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen yields of 307.6 ± 13.21 mL/g by FS2011 with the inhibitor of 80 ppm and 362.1 ± 10.1 mL/g by pretreated compost with the inhibitor of 60 ppm were observed, which were increased by 8.7% and 17.8% compared with the controls, respectively. Meanwhile the production of soluble metabolic byproducts such as butyrate, acetate and so on were decreased, resulting in reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment.