Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.     

北京市大气OH自由基测量结果及其特征

利用2种基于高效液相色谱技术的大气OH测量方法测定了北京城市大气中OH自由基,得到了其浓度水平和日变化情况.测得夏季日间最大OH浓度为～8×10⁷ cm^-3,秋季日间最大浓度为2×10⁷～4×10⁷cm^-3,并根据同步测量光强和其它污染物的浓度,分析了OH浓度与这些条件的相关性.结果表明,OH浓度与UV-B相对强度、O₃和HNO₂的浓度具有一定的正相关性     

Toxic effects of chlortetracycline on maize growth, reactive oxygen species generation and the antioxidant response

The toxicity of chlortetracycline (CTC) on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied. The root and shoot lengths and fresh weights of maize seedlings were inhibited by CTC treatment (p < 0.05). Root length was more sensitive than other parameters with the EC₁₀ value of 0.064 mg/L. The spin trapping technique followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis was used to quantify the ROS production. The ROS generated in maize roots after exposure to CTC was identified as hydroxyl radical (.OH). The EPR signal intensity correlated positively with the logarithm of CTC concentrations exposed (p < 0.05). The dynamic changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the antioxidative enzyme activities in maize roots were also determined. As compared to the control group, CTC was found to significantly increase MDA content. Treatment of maize roots with the.OH scavenger sodium benzoate (SB) reduced the MDA content and enhanced the antioxidative enzyme activities. The results demonstrated the harmfulness of CTC at high dose to maize in the early developmental stage, and clarified that the inducement of.OH is one of the mechanisms of CTC toxicity.     

环境汞污染粮食暴露对大鼠脑自由基的诱导及共存硒的影响

采用电子顺磁自旋共振（ESR）技术,研究实地环境汞污染粮食暴露不同时间后在大鼠脑中引发的自由基及脂质过氧化损伤情况,探讨实地环境汞污染氧化损伤的微观致毒机理。并对粮食中共存的硒元素作用进行分析。结果表明,环境汞污染粮食暴露7d后,大鼠脑中自由基相对强度及脂质过氧化产物MDA含量均出现显著升高（p<0.05）。ESR图谱分析表明,环境汞污染粮食暴露诱发大鼠脑中产生烷基自由基（R?）及羟基自由基（?OH）。自由基及MDA水平在暴露前期（<90d）相对稳定,长暴露90d后,自由基及脂质过氧化产物MDA水平有大幅升高（83%,100%）。大鼠脑中汞、硒元素含量7d暴露后均出现显著上升,两元素间有较强相关性,暴露前期大鼠脑中自由基水平相对稳定应与硒的清除作用有关。     

羟基聚合氯化铝的絮凝形态学

羟基聚合物的形态转化是无机高分子絮凝剂的核心问题，其形态学应包括研制，生产和应用三方面内容。铝的羟基聚合物形态主要有六员环连续模式和聚十三铝聚集模式两类论点。形态控制参数应以水解度和碱化度并用。     

自由基测定方法进展

本文对自由基的测定方法进行综述和评价,包括电子自旋共振、高效液相色谱、化学发光、分光光度等方法,引用近十年来的文献３８篇。     

45种花卉清除自由基能力的比较

比较了45种花卉粗提液对DPPH^.、O2^.-、^.OH的清除能力，及其与多酚、黄酮含量的关系，发现红攻瑰粗提液对不同自由基的清除能力较强，不同花卉粗提液对DPPH^.的清除能力与多酚含量呈显著正相关(r=0．880)，但与黄酮含量不呈明显相关关系(r=0．367)，1．00mg红玫瑰鲜花对DPPH^.的清除能力相当于18．74μgVc，对O2^.的清除能力相当于39．82μgVc，对^.OH的清除能力亦优于Vc．图3表1参25     

臭氧氧化及其他强化技术协同降解聚乙烯醇

采用O₃氧化降解水中聚乙烯醇（PVA）,考察了O₃氧化的影响因素及与其他强化技术协同下的降解效果。结果表明,经12 min处理,O₃/超声波、O₃/紫外光协同作用下PVA降解率较直接O₃氧化的63.2%有显著提高,表现出了良好的协同效应。通过比较酸性条件下添加不同量Fenton试剂的作用效果可知,·OH的氧化作用是PVA降解的重要原因。     

脉冲放电处理苯酚废水降解过程的分析

由于水中脉冲放电产生等离子体通道,水会发生复杂的等离子体化学反应,产生各种自由基,本文检测到放电形成的羟基自由基.对苯酚废水进行放电降解研究,利用紫外分光计、有机碳分析仪、液相质谱联用仪和气相质谱仪等仪器对降解产物进行检验.结果表明,苯酚废水在放电作用下生成的中间产物为:多羟基苯酚、酮、醛和酯等,最终产物为二氧化碳和水.此结果对苯酚废水在脉冲放电,甚至直流或交流电下的苯酚降解机理的进一步研究有参考价值.     

高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展

探讨了高级氧化技术（Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ，即ＡＯＰｓ）如：Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂均相湿式催化氧化；Ｈ２Ｏ２／ＵＶ、Ｏ３／ＵＶ、Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２／ＵＶ均相光催化氧化；多相湿式催化氧化，多相光催化氧化，多相催化和生化氧化等过程处理废水及其反应机理，论述了ＡＯＰｓ技术在工业废水处理方面的研究进展。