试论中西文化中颜色词语的联想意义

汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色的词语很丰富.我们不仅要注意它们本身的基本含义,更要留心它们深广的象征意义,因为其象征意义在不同语言中往往有不同的特点,有些特点甚至构成了人们对颜色的崇尚和禁忌.这种不同文化间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各民族的文化历史背景和审美心理的不同而产生的,是在社会发展和历史沉淀中约定俗成的,是一种永久性的文化现象.     

Fetal and maternal progenitor cells in co-culture respond equally to erythropoietin

To explore potentially selective growth conditions for fetal cells in cultures from the blood of pregnant women, we investigated if fetal and adult erythroid progenitors with different hemoglobin expression programs are differentially responsive to erythropoietin (EPO). Co-cultures of clonogenic cells from 12-week fetal and adult peripheral blood were established, and the development of erythropoietic cells was monitored using flow cytometric profiles of correlated cellular contents of fetal and adult hemoglobin (HbF and HbA, respectively). Adult nucleated red cells were classified as F+A−, F+A+ or F−A+. All fetal cells were F+A−. The population of F+A− cells was flow-sorted and fetal cells were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific probes. Delayed EPO addition revealed that all types of erythroid cells entered the EPO-dependent phase with similar kinetics, beginning at about Day 4. The data suggest that fetal and adult erythroid stem/progenitor cells have the same initial maturation kinetics in culture independent of their hemoglobin chain expression program. Fetal and adult cells with different hemoglobin profiles also showed similar EPO dose–response curves, determined for different intervals during the first 2 weeks of culture. Thus, the kinetics of entry into the phase of EPO dependence, as well as the sensitivity to EPO at various stages of development, are essentially the same for erythropoietic progenitor cells derived from adult and early fetal blood, which rules out the possibility of using the timing or concentration of EPO for the selective growth of fetal cells from the blood of pregnant women. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variables influencing growth and morphology of colonies of cells from human amniotic fluid

Growth of cells from amniotic fluid was studied with respect to cell concentration in the inoculum, blood contamination of the fluid, fluid colour, fluid clarity, gestational age of the pregnancy, and growth factors. Dependent variables measured were colony formation, colony size, and colony morphology after 7, 11, and 14 days of culture. The following conclusions were established from these studies: small sample volumes are the most efficient for producing colonies; cells from very bloody or dark brown fluids have a slower rate of growth; growth of cells from cloudy (noncontaminated) fluids is better than growth of cells from clear fluids; the proportion of colonies that are epithelioid varies with gestational age; the stimulating effect of 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor on cells from amniotic fluid was confirmed.     

微生物絮凝剂A3的培养条件及处理啤酒废水条件研究

从土壤中筛选出一株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株A3,利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线拟和方法创建数学模型的方法研究了其产絮凝培养基条件,结果表明:葡萄糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.51%、pH7.6、温度30.3℃时A3产絮凝剂条件最佳,数学模型为Y=-486.2+60.5X1-13.7X12+61.9X2-60.7X22+56X3-3.7X32+18.2X4-0.3X42,培养的动力学模型为:(C0-C)t/C0×100%=96.03-338.15/t。同时利用A3菌产絮凝剂对啤酒废水进行COD去除处理,结果显示:pH值为8、100mL废水中絮凝剂的添加量为1.5mL和1%CaCl2用量为2mL时,COD去除效果最佳。在最佳工艺条件下的COD去除率可达60%。并构建了相应的数学模型为:y=40.8+22.4e-(x-8)2/4.5;y=66.4-58.9/(1+(x/0.67)6.5)和y=67.4-56.5/(1+(x/0.68)4.86)。     

Surface properties of bacteria from activated sludge in relation to bioflocculation

Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp.and Alcaligenes faecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing.Pure cultures of these two strains,representing well or poorly settled bacteria,were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge.Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity,ζ-potential,flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition under different growth stages,it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity,which were important factors to bioflocculation.Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential.However,in our study,the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K.Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply,and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment,while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery.This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.     

利用吊兰等深度处理生活污水

利用吊兰等无土栽培系统对生活污水进行深度处理,实验证明系统对污水中氮磷等营养物质的去除效果较好,系统出水中氨氮的浓度可达到4.203mg/L或3.6426mg/L,硝态氮和亚硝态氮的浓度为2.802mg/L,总磷浓度可达到0.2mg/L左右,系统出水基本可达城市再生水回用标准。两系统中植物的长势良好,在设计运行时间内,两种系统中的植物均有明显的长势,尤其吊兰总重量增加了42g左右;就叶片数而言两种兰草均增加了30片左右。且系统中植物的长势良好,在有效去除污染物的同时,产生一定的景观价值和经济效益,从而从整体上降低污水处理成本。     

南沙港网箱养殖水域沉积环境质量评价

2007-01至2007-11分4个航次对宁波南沙港网箱养殖区沉积物环境质量状况进行了现场调查,利用MOM—B系统的三个子集参数对沉积环境质量进行了评价。结果表明：子集1得出2007-01的平均分数小于0．5,而-2007—04、2007—07以及2007—11的平均分数均大于0．5;子集2得出4个季节沉积物的pH和氧化还原电位变化范围分别为7．15—8．33和-197．5m～-105my;子集3得出4个航次得到的平均分数介于4和10之间;综合3个子集的结果来看,南沙港网箱养殖区沉积物环境质量状况冬季为2级,春季、夏季和秋季均属于4级严重污染状态。     

钦州湾养殖生态环境的演变趋势及其可持续发展对策的初步探讨

从钦州湾特殊的地理环境特征及水体自净条件的分析入手,通过总结分析该湾近20 a来入海污染物及水环境指标的变化趋势,在基本了解该湾海洋开发与生态环境关系的基础上,对制约该湾养殖生态环境可持续发展的关键环节及应采取的防治对策进行了简要的论述和探讨,提出了该湾今后应该侧重研究的方向.     

关于钢铁企业发展低碳经济的思考

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基本特征的一种经济发展模式。介绍了发达国家及我国为了发展低碳经济,所制定的法律法规及采取的措施。指出我国发展低碳经济所面临的困难和挑战,特别是我国钢铁工业发展低碳经济所面临的困难更大。提出钢铁企业创新理念、迎难而上,实现钢铁企业低碳化、生态化目标的具体思路。     

竞争条件下光照对两种淡水藻生长的影响

研究了铜绿微囊藻与斜生栅藻在单种和三种配比(10:1、1:1、1:10)共同培养条件下,不同的光照强度对其生长的影响,计算了不同培养体系中两种藻的磷吸收半饱和常数。结果表明:单独培养时,铜绿微囊藻在3000lx获得最大增长率,而斜生栅藻在5000lx时增值最快;共同培养时,两种藻的生长速率相对单独培养条件下均有不同程度的下降,两种藻之间存在着互相的竞争抑制作用;在10:1共培养条件下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用超过了微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用;在1:1和1:10共培养条件下,光强低于6600lx时,微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用相对于栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用更大。从光吸收半饱和常数看,微囊藻的光吸收的半饱和常数总是小于栅藻,可见微囊藻对光更具亲和性。总体上看,较低光照下,微囊藻的竞争能力强于栅藻,微囊藻竞争成为优势种具有较高的概率;而光照强度较大时,栅藻竞争成为优势种具较高的概率。