顺序注射平台-分光光度法测定水中总磷

参照希思迪在线总磷分析仪和荷兰Skalar在线过程分析仪测定水中总磷的方法,对顺序注射平台分析技术进行改进,从而建立了钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中正磷酸盐的快速分析方法,该方法集微功耗、微量试剂消耗于一体。注射平台具有模块化、投入式探头等结构特征,仪器包含3个检测量程,适用于环境监测等领域的实时在线分析。实验选择磷酸蓝的测定吸收波长为880 nm,当总磷质量浓度为0.10~2.00 mg/L时,浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程y=0.970 3x-0.025 3,相关系数为0.999 5,方法的检出限为1.36×10-2mg/L。     

测定环境空气中砷及其化合物的方法改进

对《空气和废气监测分析方法》中砷的采样和测定方法进行了改进,并在云南某炼铜厂环境空气中含砷监测进行了实际验证。结果表明,方法的检出限、精密度、准确度均能满足测定的要求,并且更适合测定高浓度砷。     

二元联合作用藻红外测试方法——以重金属为例

为检验二元联合作用藻红外测试方法的可行性,用Cu~(2+)、Fe3+、Mn~(2+)、Al3+、Cr3+、Hg~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)进行了二元联合作用测试实验。结果显示:联合药液的参照浓度与单药液的参照浓度比为0.5:0.25的有15组二元组合,为2.0:1.0的有10组二元组合,为1.0:0.5的有11组二元组合;在9种重金属的36组二元联合作用测试结果中出现拮抗作用、相加作用、协同作用,表明联合作用类型表现出多样性;14组拮抗作用中单组的再现性为50%~100%、多组的再现性的出现率为93%、单组的重现性为67%~100%、多组的重现性的出现率为100%,21组相加作用中单组的再现性为50%~100%、多组的再现性的出现率为86%、单组的重现性为67%~100%、多组的重现性的出现率为100%,1组协同作用重现性67%;36组联合作用测试结果的再现性为50%~100%、再现性的出现率为86%,重现性为67%~100%、重现性的出现率为100%。上述分析可知,9种重金属的36种二元联合作用测试结果具有较好的多样性、再现性、重现性,表明测试条件、藻温测试方法、三指标评价法能够保证藻响应温差和藻响应药品评价结果的质量,参照浓度分析方法、联合作用评价方法能够控制联合作用分析结果的质量;藻响应的有毒有害物都存在敏感浓度,用参照浓度分析方法可分析出藻响应有毒有害物的参照浓度。因此,藻红外测试技术可以用于测试重金属、农药、有机药品、抗生素等的二元联合作用。     

优化的甘蔗皮渣吸附居室甲醛

为了研究优化后的甘蔗皮渣吸附居室中的甲醛,本研究通过3种方法处理材料进行吸附甲醛对比,得出简便高效的碱热烫处理,并针对其热烫时间(X1)、pH值(X2)、水浴锅温度(X3)和水浴时间(X4)设置正交实验,得出热烫时间30 min、pH=11、水浴锅温度80℃、水浴时间2.5 h,甘蔗皮渣对甲醛吸附率可达27.91%。通过与活性炭、硅藻纯吸附效果比较,经F检验得出优化处理甘蔗皮渣与硅藻纯吸附效果相当,均极显著优于活性炭。电镜观测出优化甘蔗皮渣与活性炭、硅藻纯同具粗糙、皱褶、疏松多孔结构;傅里叶红外光谱分析出C≡C等基团在甲醛吸附中起主要作用。     

The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis I. Analyses of chicken manure,biooils and char by 13C and 1H NMR and FTIR spectrophotometry

Fast pyrolysis of chicken manure produced two biooils (Fractions I and II) and a residual char. All four materials were analyzed by chemical methods, ¹³C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (¹³C and 1H NMR), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosphotometry (FTIR). The char showed the highest C content and the highest aromaticity. Of the two biooils Fraction II was higher in C, yield and calorific value but lower in N than Fraction I. The S and ash content of the two biooil fractions were low. The Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) ¹³C NMR spectrum of the initial chicken manure showed it to be rich in cellulose, which was a major component of sawdust used as bedding material. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the two biooils indicated that Fraction I was less aromatic than Fraction II. Among the aromatics in the two biooils, we were able to tentatively identify N-heterocyclics like indoles, pyridines, and pyrazines. FTIR spectra were generally in agreement with the NMR data. FTIR spectra of both biooils showed the presence of both primary and secondary amides and primary amines as well as N-heterocyclics such as pyridines, quinolines, and pyrimidines. The FTIR spectrum of the char resembled that of the initial chicken manure except that the concentration of carbohydrates was lower.     

红外分光光度法测定水和废水中油类的改进

本文对红外分光光度法测定水和废水中的油类的萃取和吸附操作进行了改进。结果表明,该方法的精密度和准确度能达到国家标准的要求,且操作更加方便、快捷,可以应用于日常环境监测分析。     

标准加入分光光度法测定废水中氨氮

本文将标准加入法运用于分光光度分析中，排除了废水氨氮测定中复杂的基体干扰，操作简便，结果准确，适合于单个或小批量水样的直接测定。     

省沽油中硒含量及其测定方法研究

采用消化液硝酸／高氯酸消解法、硝酸-硫酸消解法和微波消解方法消化省沽油，用原子吸收分光光度法测定硒（Se）含量。比较了3种消解方法在测定省沽油中的硒含量。发现微波消解法测定野生省沽油（干菜）中Se含量准确性好、时间段效率高、对环境污染少、操作简单。     

多波长分光光度法在环境监测中的应用

根据NO2^-与AY(吖啶黄)的重氮化偶联反应。研究了反应的最佳条件，利用四波长处吸光度加和值与NO2^-浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。建立四波长测定微量NO2^-含量的新方法。应用于环境样品的监测。获得了满意的效果。符合环境监测的要求。     

Formation of Soluble Complexes of Metals with Humic Acid and Its Environmental Significance

In order to investigate the role of functional groups present in humic acid(s) (HA) during complex formation, water soluble complexes between HA isolated from soil and metals (Pb, Ca, As, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Mg and Zn) were prepared and subjected to infrared (IR) spectroscopy. the IR data revealed the involvement of the - OH group of humic acid in complex formation with all metals except copper and arsenic, whereas the - COOH group of HA was found to be the preferred site of binding for all the metals. the significance of findings in relation to detoxification of environmental pollutants is discussed in this paper.