乳状液膜法迁移及分离铬(Ⅵ)的研究

本文采用以叔胺N7301为流动载体、兰113A为表面活性剂、煤油为膜溶剂、NaOH作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移分离铬(Ⅵ).研究了其迁移机理,确定了适宜制乳、迁移分离及破乳等有关条件,实验表明,不同浓度的含铬(Ⅵ)水样经液膜处理后,其含铬(Ⅵ)量均降至0.5μg·ml~(-1)以下,低于国家排放标准.     

聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的性能研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸和硫酸铁为原料制备聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂（简称ＰＦＳＳ）,考察了ＰＦＳＳ在不同条件下水解产物表面的ζ电位变化情况,研究了Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比和投加量对ＰＦＳＳ除浊效果的影响,试验了ＰＦＳＳ的最佳混凝ｐＨ范围与Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比之间的关系,探讨了其混凝机理．结果表明,Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比对ＰＦＳＳ水解产物的ζ电位、ＰＦ－ＳＳ的混凝效果以及ＰＦＳＳ适宜的最佳ｐＨ值范围都有影响;当Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比达１．５左右时,ＰＦＳＳ的混凝除浊效果趋于最佳．     

羧甲基纤维素抑尘剂的制备及其应用研究

以羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为原料,用溶液聚合法制备出一种环保软膜抑尘剂.探讨了添加甘油、辛癸基葡糖苷对抑尘剂吸水性能、润湿性能的变化以及m(甘油):m(辛癸基葡糖苷)以不同配比加入抑尘剂后对粉尘含水率的影响.经傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对制备的产物进行结构表征和形貌的分析.对抑尘剂的性能:耐风蚀性、温度适应性进行了测试.结果表明:当m(甘油):m(辛癸基葡糖苷)为2:3,室温时粉尘含水率达15.8%、50℃粉尘含水率仍可达11.7%;经3 h(15 m/s)风速吹扫,粉尘损失率仅为2.3%.     

壳聚糖接枝三元共聚阳离子絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝特性

采用烧杯混凝实验研究了壳聚糖(CTS)、CTS与丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸乙酯季铵盐三元接枝共聚阳离子絮凝剂(CAS)对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝特性.结果表明,CAS具有比CTS絮凝效果好、用量少、pH值适用范围广等优点.CAS絮凝效能受胶体颗粒性质的影响小,对自来水和蒸馏水配置的高岭土悬浊液均具有较好的絮凝效能.中性条件下,CAS的最佳投加量仅为CTS的1/10.在pH值2.0-11.0范围内,CAA对浊度的去除率在95%左右.CAS投加量与原水浊度的关系为:投加量低于0.5nag·L-1时,絮凝效果随原水浊度的升高降低;投加量大于0.5 mg·L-1,浊度去除率随原水浊度的增大而提高;投加量超过1.0 mg·L-1后,对浊度(10～160 NTU)的悬浊;液浊度去除率均在85%以上.悬浮颗粒聚集状态的变化分析、颗粒ξ电位测定、絮体粒径分布测定及其形态结构的观察结果表明,电性中和、吸附架桥是CAS的主要絮凝作用机理,絮凝过程是多种机制共同起作用的动态变化过程.     

Preparation of porous adsorbent via Pickering emulsion template for water treatment: A review

Porous materials as emerging potential adsorbents have received much more attention because they are capable of capturing various pollutants with fast adsorption rate, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity and excellent reusability. In order to prepare porous materials with decent porous structure, Pickering emulsion template method has been proved to be one of the most effective technologies to create pore structure. This paper reviewed comprehensively the latest research progress on the preparation of porous materials from various Pickering emulsions and their applications in the decontamination of pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic pollutants) and in the oil/water separation. It was expected that the summaries and discussions in this review will provide insights into the design and fabrication of new efficient porous adsorbents, and also give us a better understanding of the subject.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

应用液膜分离技术从百草枯生产废水中回收氰化物

研究采用液膜分离技术从百草枯生产废水中回收可利用资源氰化物的工艺,并通过实际工业废水进行了验证。主要考察了外水相pH值、乳水比Rew及内水相浓度对氰化物去除的影响。试验结果表明:以航空煤油为溶剂,10%NaOH为内水相,以油内比为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始氰化物浓度为5 027 mg/L的百草枯工业废水,在pH值为7,乳水比为1∶5的传质条件下,氰化物回收率可达94%以上。     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

黄精多糖乳膏治疗单纯疱疹性豚鼠阴道炎的疗效研究

三种浓度(0．5％，1．5％，5％)的黄精多糖乳膏能明显治疗单纯疱疹病毒性豚鼠阴道炎，用药组豚鼠的外阴病变积分值显著低于模型对照组，这三种浓度的黄精多糖乳膏能治疗单纯疱疹病毒引发的豚鼠外阴红肿、溃破等病变，并能降低患病豚鼠的死亡率，其中以1．5％浓度乳膏的疗效相对较好．各浓度试验组黄精多糖乳膏并能显著降低感染HSV—2 Sav strain病毒的豚鼠阴道分泌物中病毒的毒力．临床预试验表明，1．5％黄精多糖乳膏与3％无环鸟苷乳膏疗效相近．图1表3参19     

含油废水破乳除油的试验研究及工业应用

对３种含油废水进行了处理试验,验证了破乳剂的破乳除油效果,筛选了效果最佳的破乳药剂并进行了工业应用,取得令人满意的结果。