乳化液膜法提取苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以双丁二烯亚胺－煤油作膜相,ＮａＯＨ溶液为内水相的乳化液膜提取苯的动力学特性,测定了膜相与内外水相组成,搅拌速度,温度对提取速率的影响,得出了提取速率规律。     

Research Articles

The metabolism of phenanthrene was studied both in cell suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and soybean (Glycine max), and in intact plants of the water mossFontinalis antipyretica. Metabolism in cell suspension cultures strongly differed between the monocotyle and the dicotyle plant. Only small amounts oftrans-phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiole and phenanthrene-9,10-dione were detectable in the wheat culture. Soybean cultures, in contrast demonstrated a strong turnover resulting in a 75% reduction of the initial phenanthrene concentration. Metabolites were phenanthrene-9,10-dione, not further characterized polar metabolites and bound residues. Intact plants ofFontinalis antipyretica metabolized only small amounts of phenanthrene. Data obtained from cell cultures did not provide information for the metabolic potential in intact plants. Therefore standardized tests with model systems like suspension cultures lead to inadequate assessment of the ecological risk of certain xenobiotics.     

混凝剂循环使用及化学混凝处理乳化废液的研究

对乳化废液进行了不完全的化学混凝处理 ,优化出的混凝剂为PAC +PAM ,最佳条件为 :PAC ,1 0～ 2 0g/L ;PAM ,2 0mg/L ;pH ,6 5～ 8 5 ;混凝后的出水COD在 5 0 0～ 5 6 0 0mg/L之间 ,可以用来重新配制乳化液 ,性能指标达到国家规定要求 ;混凝产生的絮渣采用浓硫酸处理 ,每升乳化废液混凝产生的絮渣用 4 5mL浓硫酸 ,处理后回收油品 15mL/L ,混合液可循环使用处理乳化废液 ;将出水回用于配制新乳化液 ,实现了废水循环利用、清洁生产的目的     

水解-三相生物流化床处理生活污水的研讨

通过对水解－三相生物流化床处理生活污水的实验研究,以探求降低曝气池、水解池高度的可能性;同时对载体的沉降规律作动力学分析,建立载体免于流失的出流控制流速方程式,为设计运转提出理论依据。     

用废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制备对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂

用废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制备对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂。考察了醇解时间对醇解产物、聚合温度对反应产物的影响。该方法的主要工艺参数为：废PET：PG(摩尔比)等于1：1．5,废PET：MA(摩尔比)等于1：1,醇解温度190～200℃,醇解时间3．5～4h,聚合温度190～210℃,聚合反应时间1．5～2h。试验所得对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂产品的性能符合企业通用型不饱和聚酯树脂的标准。     

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION SYSTEMS: A CONSISTENT ESTIMATOR FOR UNKNOWN PARAMETERS IN CONFINED AQUIFERS1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents criteria for establishing the identification status of the inverse problem for confined aquifer flow. Three linear estimation methods (ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, and three-stage least squares) and one nonlinear method (maximum likelihood) are used to estimate the matrices of parameters embedded in the partial differential equation characterizing confined flow. Computational experience indicates several advantages of maximum likelihood over the linear methods.     

Degradation of Cellulosic Materials Under the Alkaline Conditions of a Cementitious Repository for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste. II. Degradation Kinetics

The degradation of cellulosic materials, differing mainly in the degree of polymerization and the number of reducing end groups, was studied under the alkaline conditions similar to those existing in a cementitious repository for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (pH 13.3, T = 25°C). The kinetics of alkaline degradation (peeling-off reaction) were studied and the data analyzed by the model of Haas et al. [13]. The observed kinetic parameters for the propagation reaction and overall stopping reaction were compared with literature data. Although measured under different experimental conditions, literature data and data from this study show a consistent picture. Differences in the extent of degradation observed for the different cellulosic materials could be satisfactorily explained by differences in reducing end group content and, consequently, by differences in the degrees of polymerization. Besides the number of reducing end groups, the degree of amorphousness also plays an important role. The main degradation products formed under the experimental conditions used are - and -(gluco)isosaccharinic acid. This is in agreement with many other studies on alkaline degradation of cellulose. The two isomers are formed in roughly equal amounts.     

影响悬浮物测定结果的因素分析

通过对水中悬浮物的测定条件、取样量以及样品采集等方面的因素分析 ,找出了悬浮物监测结果产生误差的原因 ,提出了解决的方法和如何进行悬浮物测定的质量控制 ,进而提高监测数据的准确性和精密性     

纳米生物炭的制备方法比较及其特性研究

本研究以常见农林废弃物—果木枝条、玉米秸秆和花生秸秆为原料,在350~550℃条件下热解制得五种本体生物炭;采用离心法、球磨法、球磨+离心法3种方法提取纳米生物炭,进而对本体生物炭和纳米生物炭的比表面积、元素含量、矿物组成和表面化学性质等进行比较,以探究物料来源、热解温度和制备方法对纳米生物炭性质及稳定性的影响.与本体生物炭相比,球磨法制得的纳米生物炭比表面积增大1.36~6.94倍,但产物未达到纳米颗粒级别,且在水体中稳定性较弱;球磨+离心法制得的纳米生物炭直径为70.06~103.43nm,在水体中稳定性强;离心法制备的纳米生物炭各项指标均不如其他两种方法.纳米生物炭的产率为2.27%~34.80%,且产率随温度的升高而降低.与本体生物炭相比,纳米生物炭含有更多的羟基等含氧官能团和更少的脂肪碳链.与果木枝条制备的纳米生物炭相比,玉米秸秆和花生秸秆来源的纳米生物炭产率高,但水稳性较差,易发生凝聚.果木枝条来源的纳米生物炭碳酸盐等碱性矿物含量丰富,且由于颗粒表面含氧官能团数量多而zeta电位绝对值高,悬液可以稳定分散.不同方法制备得到的纳米生物炭优缺点各异：球磨法制得的纳米生物炭比表面积更大;球磨+离心法制备的玉米和花生秸秆纳米生物炭的产率更高;低温热解果木炭提取的纳米生物炭水稳性更强.     

焦化废水脱酚的工艺研究

为脱除焦化废水中的酚，本文研究了新型化学破乳法液膜脱酚的工艺，确定了搅拌塔操作条件，并实际应用于焦化厂含酚废水的处理中，结果表明该工艺具有良好的脱酚效果。