罐底油泥特性分析及其除油处理工艺

通过研究罐底油泥的理化性质,开发了适于处理罐底油泥的系列工艺:先采用调质技术提高罐底油泥流动性;再采用超声破乳降低油泥稳定性,改善油泥分离性能;最后采用卧式离心机对油泥进行离心分离处理.在复合型清洗剂加入量为800 mg/L、超声温度为60℃、超声功率为12 kW、超声时间为25 min、离心温度为60℃、絮凝剂加入量为600 mg/L、离心机转速为2200 r/min的条件下,系统稳定运行9d,离心机出口泥中含油率低于2.00％,水中悬浮固体质量浓度低于170 mg/L,达到了对罐底油泥进行除油的目的.     

冷轧乳化液废水处理试验研究

对武钢冷轧乳化液废水采用超滤和氧化破乳法进行对比试验,从试验运行效果、投资费用、运行成本等方面进行了比较分析,得出处理冷轧乳化液废水的最佳方法－超滤法。对冶金行业乳化液废水的处理具有一定的参考价值。     

Application of a Second-Order Kinetic Model to a Complex Melt Polymerization Reaction

A novel copolymer system has been synthesized using methyl hydroquinone diacetate (MHQDA), 1,4 naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4 NDCA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) using the melt polymerization technique. The optimum kinetic parameters pertinent to this system are reported in this study. A simple second-order reaction sequence summarizes catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions between MHQDA, 1,4 NDCA, and PBT. The kinetic parameters for the copolymerization reaction were determined using a new second-order model. This technique was used to compute the moles of acetic acid generated in the polymerization process. The model was compared to that of the experimentally determined data. Close comparison (percentage error of less than 5%) was obtained between the experimental and theoretical data. The kinetic data support block copolyester formation. The thermal data also supports formation of block polymers.     

不同波段紫外光在TiO2悬浊液中的消光特点

为确定TiO₂催化剂悬浊液对不同波段紫外光的消光规律,本试验以4-CBA-Na为模型污染物,针对催化剂/污染物悬浊液体系在不同催化剂投加量下,对UVA、UVB和UVC波段光子的消光效果进行了测定.结果表明,各悬浮体系对各波段紫外光的消光基本上符合比耳定律,即随着入射光程的增加,光强呈现负指数衰减;紫外光在催化剂悬浊液中的消光系数随催化剂投加量的增大而增加,其增加规律可以用二次多项式表示;污染物溶液本身对UVB和UVC紫外光有吸收,UVB和UVC紫外光在催化剂-污染物悬浮体系中的消光系数可视为污染物与催化剂颗粒的消光系数之叠加.催化剂悬浊液对紫外光的消光系数随紫外光波长的减小而增大,这意味着使用短波长的UVC作为光催化降解光源可以提高能量利用效率.     

AN EVALUATION OF THE 1997 EDWARDS AQUIFER IRRIGATION SUSPENSION1

ABSTRACT: In early 1997, the Texas Edwards Aquifer Authority implemented a pilot Irrigation Suspension Program with the objectives of increasing springflow and providing relief to municipalities during drought. Irrigators were paid an average of $234 per acre to suspend water use, a price higher than regional land rental rates. Auction theory and program implementation details suggest that the program implementation partially caused inflated bids. The Irrigation Suspension Program is also compared to two alternative programs: (1) subsidizing more efficient irrigation technology and (2) buying land. The irrigation suspension is found to be more cost‐effective relative to subsidizing improved irrigation efficiency because it can be put in place only when aquifer levels are low. Land purchase is a cheaper alternative if the bid levels remain at the levels observed.     

微囊藻毒素-RR对烟草细胞活力及营养生理的影响

采用0.1,1.0,10.0μg/mL的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、硝态氮含量及总磷含量,并且检测了酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力变化情况.结果表明,中、高浓度毒素处理细胞2d后,细胞活力及蛋白质含量与对照相比均显著下降.高浓度MC-RR处理降低了胞内可溶性糖的含量,暴露2d后仅为对照的45.57%;低浓度MC-RR处理在后期增加了胞内可溶性糖含量.高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后,细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照;中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降低了胞内硝态氮含量.3组毒素处理均降低了胞内总磷含量,到实验结束时,低、中、高浓度处理组的胞内磷含量分别为对照的74.98%、76.47%和84.00%.3组处理组ACP活力与对照相比呈现先降低后升高的趋势.     

乳化液膜法提取活性艳蓝KN-R工艺研究

利用表面活性剂TH-1、民用煤油、载体N235和内水相NaOH溶液组成的液膜体系,采用正交试验法,对提取活性艳蓝KN-R工艺进行了研究。结果表明:以5%TH-1,5%N235,10%NaOH,油内比Roi为1∶1.5的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为6000mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R废水,在pH值为1,传质温度为25℃,乳水比Rew为1∶5的传质条件下,提取率可达94.8%。     

乙酸对硅酸聚合胶凝及形态分布的影响

要研究了硅酸在不同pH条件下,乙酸存在时的形态分布及转化特征．结果表明：当硅酸溶液中有乙酸存在时,硅酸的聚合胶凝时间将延长．从而证实了乙酸的存在,能有效地减缓硅酸溶液中聚硅酸的生长速度．     

聚合反应时间对聚酰亚胺基碳膜结构和性能的影响研究

目的 系统研究前驱体聚合反应时间对PI膜及其碳化、石墨化后薄膜结构和性能的影响规律。方法 通过调整聚合合成聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液过程中的反应时间,制备石墨膜前驱体聚酰亚胺（PI）原膜,将不同工艺条件下制得的PI膜进行碳化、石墨化处理,得到高导热率石墨膜。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱仪和LFA激光闪射仪对制备的PI膜、碳化膜及石墨膜的微观结构和热导率进行检测。结果 随聚合反应时间的延长,PI膜酰亚胺化程度和石墨膜的石墨化程度及导热性能先增高、后降低。反应时间为3 h时,制得的石墨膜结构致密,石墨片层取向性好,导热性能最好,热导率可达765.2W/(m·K)。结论 PI膜前驱体聚合反应时间显著影响PI膜酰亚胺化的程度和有序度,进而影响石墨膜的定向性和导热性能。     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.