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41.
厚软场地的地震动特征及设计反应谱研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨伟林 《防灾减灾工程学报》2004,24(4):406-411
根据场地土层静、动力性能参数的原位测试和动三轴试验结果,进行厚软场地土层地震反应分析,研究厚软场地的地震动效应及地震动特性,并结合工程实例讨论了对应不同地震设防水平(50年超越概率63%、10%和3%)厚软场地的设计反应谱,分析了现行规范设计反应谱应用的局限性,成果对相关工程也有借鉴作用。 相似文献
42.
在对湖北富水水库资源利用调查基础上,根据水位变化规律和水库调度实际,将消落区分成上、中、下3个层次,并探索不同分层的资源特征和利用途径,上区带、中区带、下区带分别采用综合开发利用、渔业开发和两栖林业开发模式。以林业开发为主,结合几年来的开发实践和消落区两栖林业带的初步形成,认为合理开发与利用消落区资源是缓解库区人地矛盾、转变库区农户增收方式、实现经济结构优化和生态可持续发展的有效途径。 相似文献
43.
The within-site correlations between soil respiration rates,lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations andorganic matter quality variables were investigated at four sites in southern Sweden. The aim was to study whether the within-site variation in heavy metal concentrations could beused to monitor biological effects of regional deposition of heavy metals. Two sites in the south-west, one in the mid-southof the country, and one in south-east were investigated. At the south-eastern, least contaminated, site there were no correlations between soil respiration rate, and either organicmatter quality variables or heavy metal concentrations. At the remaining sites, negative correlations were found between Pb andsoil respiration rate. However, at two of these three sites there was a covariation with cellulose that could account for these correlations. The within-site variation of pH and total nitrogen (N) was low, and did not show any correlative general trends with either respiration rate or heavy metals. Meta analysis showed that negative correlations between Pb or Hg, on the one hand, and cellulose or hemicellulose on the other weregenerally found in within-site investigations. However, this does not necessarily explain the correlation between Pb and soil respiration, as was shown for the southernmost site. A PLS model of soil respiration rates at this site, using allmeasured variables, including heavy metals, explained more variation than a model developed using only mor layer thickness,pH, carbohydrate, ash and nitrogen concentrations, as independent variables. Thus there is a risk of toxic effects from Pb even at the levels found in south-western Sweden today(>120 g Pb * g dw-1). However, since the correlationsbetween heavy metals and cellulose were not significantly different at the different sites, random sampling variation could not be ruled out as an explanation of the different results for the different sites. The causes of the correlationbetween organic matter quality and heavy metals have not yet been clarified. Analysis of mor samples incubated in thelaboratory for 2 yr with 1200 g Pb * g dw-1 or 5 gHg * g dw-1 did not show any differences in carbohydrate composition, compared to control samples. This shows that within-site studies of correlations between respiration rate and heavy metals have to be combined with studies of metal additions to soils and analysis of organic matter quality beforeany valid conclusions can be made. 相似文献
44.
Steven W. Effler David A. Matthews 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):251-264
ABSTRACT: The magnitudes and patterns of sediment resuspension are assessed in Cannonsville Reservoir, New York, to quantify and characterize this internal source of sediment. The assessment is based on analyses of sediment trap collections from 10 sites over the spring to fall interval of two years. Temporal and spatial patterns in sediment deposition are demonstrated to be driven by resuspension/redeposition processes. Sediment that had been resuspended and redeposited represented 80 to 96 percent, on average, of the depositing solids collected along the main axis of the lake. About 90 percent of the redeposited sediment was inorganic. Increased resuspension caused by drawdown of the reservoir surface and fall turnover resulted in 10 to 50‐fold increases in deposition rates compared to levels observed when the reservoir was full and strongly thermally stratified. Elevated levels of redeposition from resuspension in the reservoir have been driven by both higher water column concentrations of suspended solids and settling velocities. Recurring longitudinal and lateral gradients in resuspension are delineated, establishing that resuspended solids are transported from the riverine to the lacustrine zone and from near‐shore to pelagic areas. Resuspension is demonstrated to cause increases in inanimate particle (tripton) concentrations. Higher tripton levels have been observed in years with greater drawdown. Water quality impacts of the resuspension phenomenon are considered. 相似文献
45.
为了研究家用小型汽车室内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的存在状态,对上海市7辆使用2 a以上的不同型号家用轿车进行了调查。采集形成于车窗玻璃内表面的有机膜,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GCMS)对有机模样品进行了定性及定量分析,并根据表面膜-空气分配模型计算汽车室内空气中PBDEs的质量浓度。结果表明:13种待测多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)目标化合物均被检出;在车窗玻璃内表面有机膜中,Σ13PBDEs含量为19.63~26.13 ng/m2;家用小型汽车室内空气中Σ13PBDEs质量浓度为376.61~961.24 pg/m3;由于PBDEs的正辛醇-空气分配系数KOA与PBDEs的溴代度正相关,高溴代PBDEs在有机膜中的含量较高(实测BDE-209是其最主要的污染物),而低溴代PBDEs在空气中的含量较高(BDE-28是其最主要的污染物);与家庭、办公场所、公共场所等室内环境相比,家用小型汽车室内空气中PBDEs质量浓度处于较高水平。 相似文献
46.
47.
Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed (JLAFB), was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed (AFB) reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/(m^3.d), the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found. 相似文献
48.
49.
为了研究厚松散层条件下煤矿开采沉陷盆地边界的界定及其影响因素,基于现场实测资料和误差传播定律,建立了厚含水松散层条件下地表沉陷监测点点位中误差函数模型;以辛置煤矿五采区为工程背景,采用UDEC离散元数值分析方法,揭示了采动程度与边界角之间的协同作用关系。研究结果表明:不同国家对沉陷盆地边界的界定并不统一,厚含水松散层条件下,沉陷盆地边缘15 mm的水平移动点可作为沉陷盆地的边界,对于特级保护对象,建议以2 mm下沉点作为沉陷盆地的边界。随着采动程度的增加,沉陷盆地上、下山边界角呈现先缓慢减小再逐渐增加的趋势,二者服从Lorentz函数模型,相关度分别为0.88和0.99,该函数模型能够表达研究区域采动程度与边界角之间的内在联系。 相似文献
50.
The air quality in urban areas is on the one hand determined by the intensity of emissions. On the other hand atmospheric dispersion and chemical transformation conditions as well as topographic location have great influence on the ambient air concentrations. Within, this study the correlation between pollutant concentrations and the dynamics of atmospheric barrier and mixing layers has been experimentally investigated by tethered balloon soundings.The most important barrier layer is the surface inversion. During clear sky it develops in the late afternoon and is dissolved by warm air from the heated ground in the morning. Emitted pollutants are kept beneath this inversion. But, at the same time, the component ozone is depleted below and stored above the layer within the so called `ozone reservoir layer'. During night elevated mountain sites are decoupled from the ground conditions and stay within this reservoir without a remarkable nocturnal decrease of ozone concentration. The regularly observed ground level ozone increase in the morning hours is firstly caused by down mixing from the reservoir. The conditions and dynamics are illustratively depicted by vertical profiles of the different components and diagrams of temperature and concentration isopleths over the height and the experiment time lasting over five days. 相似文献